水合稀土碳酸盐的红外光谱

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂合成了十五种稀土碳酸盐晶体。化学分析的结果表明,轻稀土碳酸盐（镧、铈、镨、钕）为八水合正碳酸盐;部分中重稀土碳酸盐（钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、钇）为低水合正碳酸盐;重稀土铥、镱、镥的碳酸盐为碱式盐或碳酸氧化物。红外吸收光谱分析的结果表明,碳酸根离子的非简并振动吸收的频率y2和y8发生了分裂,有六个以上的振动吸收峰,这说明稀土碳酸盐晶胞中存在着非等价的碳酸根离子,即双齿配位与单齿配位的碳酸根。     

高区域选择性合成α-亚甲基-β-硫代酯类化合物(英文)

本文报道了一种新颖的路易斯碱催化Morita-Baylis-Hillman碳酸酯和硫代醋酸酯的酯交换-硫代烯丙基烷基化串联反应.该反应具有很高的区域选择性(大于95∶5),能够高产率(最高98%)生成多种α-亚甲基-β-含硫酯类化合物.通过这一策略,可以有效避免Morita-Baylis-Hillman碳酸酯类化合物与硫酚类化合物的直接共轭加成-消除串联反应.值得一提的是,这一反应可以使用生物碱(DHQD)2AQN作为手性路易斯碱催化剂,产物具有良好的对映体选择性(ee=80%),该结果体现了这一新型串联反应的发展潜力与应用前景.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Glycerol ether biomarkers and their carbon isotopic compositions in a cold seep carbonate chimney from the Shenhu area,northern South China Sea

At modern cold seeps,the anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM)is the dominant pathway for methane consumption in marine sediments.AOM,which is mediated by a consortium of methane oxidizing archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria,is proposed to be responsible for authigenic carbonate formation.A methane-derived carbonate chimney was collected from the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea.The membrane lipids and their very low carbon isotopic compositions(?115‰to?104‰)in the Shenhu chimney suggest the presence of an AOM process.Three specific archaeal and bacterial biomarkers were detected,including Ar,DAGE 1f,and monocyclic MDGD.Their strongly depleted??13C values(?115‰to?104‰),which are lower than those of the normal marine lipids in sediments,reveal biogenic methane as their origin.The carbonate deposits exhibiting a chimney structure indicate that a vigorous methane-rich fluid expulsion may have occurred at the seafloor.We propose that the decomposition of gas hydrates at depth is the likely cause of seepage and cold seep carbonate formation in the Shenhu area.     

含碳酸盐脉石氧化铜矿的酸浸动力学

针对碳酸盐脉石对氧化铜矿酸浸动力学的影响进行探讨,研究了温度、酸度、矿石粒径、液固质量比、振荡速度等因素对含碳酸盐脉石氧化铜矿浸出的影响.结果表明,高温、高酸度、高液固质量比、小粒径和高振荡速度利于矿石的浸出,但碳酸盐脉石使得酸耗增加.考虑浸出成本确定合理的浸出条件为温度303 K、酸度35 g·L-1、矿石粒径0.074~0.125 mm、液固质量比3﹕1以及振荡速度180 r·min-1,浸出180 min后铜浸出率达53.6%.对浸出前后矿石表面形貌进行分析.结果显示碳酸盐脉石与酸反应后在矿石表面形成CaSO4·2H2 O沉淀,覆盖在颗粒表面,限制了矿石颗粒孔裂隙的发育.基于收缩未反应核模型对浸出动力学进行分析,发现碳酸盐脉石反应生成的沉淀阻碍了浸出反应,固体产物层扩散为浸出反应的控制步骤,反应的表观活化能为8.65 kJ·mol-1.