High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Nanyang Basin,Central China

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) was a transient episode of global warming, associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input that occurred at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. Biostratigraphic and isotope stratigraphic studies indicate that the PETM event is well documented in the marl deposits of the Yuhuangding section in the Nanyang Basin, Central China, with a carbon isotope negative excursion of ~6.1‰ within 19-m-thick marl deposits. This is the highest resolution record of the PETM so far found in the world. The PETM event was triggered within 2-cm-thick marl sediments, with a decrease of δ¹³C (stable carbon isotope ratio) from –3.2‰ to –5.2‰, suggesting a massive methane hydrate release for a transient period that was possibly caused by a catastrophic event. A comparison between marine and terrestrial records indicates a “Three-Phase Model” for the PETM event. Initially there is a rapid negative excursion in the δ¹³C record, followed by a slowly decreasing trend, and then a gradual positive recovery, corresponding respectively to a rapid dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate, followed by a slow release of methane and then the consumption of the released methane.     

Application of Raman spectroscopy in carbon nanotube-based polymer composites

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used to identify the physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and to assess their func-tionalization as well as orientation. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful tool to characterize the interfacial properties between CNTs and polymer matrices. This review provides an overview of micro-Raman spectroscopy of CNTs and its application in studying CNT reinforced polymer composites. Based on the specific Raman band shifts relating to the mechanical deformation of CNTs, Raman scattering can be used to evaluate the interactions between the CNTs and the surrounding polymer in the composites, and to detect the phase transitions of the polymer, and investigate the local stress state as well as the Young’s modulus of the CNTs. Moreover, we also review the current progress of Raman spectroscopy in various CNT macroarchitectures (such as films, fibers as well as composite fibers). The microscale structural deformation of CNT macroarchitectures and strain transfer factors from macroscale architectures to microscale structures are inferred. Based on an in situ Raman-tensile test, we further predict the Young’s modulus of the CNT macroarchitectures and reveal the dominating factors affecting the mechanical performances of the CNT macroarchitectures     

活性炭微反应器法制备纳米氧化铝粉体

基于ZnC12活化后获得的活性炭具有孔隙丰富、结构有序、高温下易于除去的特性,构建了用于制备纳米氧化铝粉体的活性炭微反应器,研究了微反应器内前驱颗粒的形成与生长过程,探讨了微反应器在粉体制备中所起的作用.研究发现:微反应器内可生成大量均匀分布在反应器壁上的球形前驱颗粒,这些颗粒被孔壁牢固吸附;粉体的煅烧转相温度与微反应器脱除同步,微反应器在煅烧过程中一直起到了限域的作用,有效防止了粉体的团聚,从而获得了颗粒尺寸分布均匀且分散性好的α-Al2O3粉体.     

功能化多壁碳纳米管对NHFB细胞的毒性研究

以人的正常上皮成纤维细胞(normal human fibroblasts,NHFB)为模型,应用WST-1方法对本课题组前期合成的功能化多壁碳纳米管(functionalized multi-walled carbonnanotubes,f-MWNTs)库进行细胞毒性筛选;选取细胞毒性差异较大的几种f-WNTs,研究细胞对其摄入情况及其对细胞增殖和活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)产生的影响规律。结果表明:经过不同表面修饰的多壁碳纳米管具有不同的细胞毒性;f-MWNTs能够进入细胞,且其对细胞增殖及ROS的产生均呈显著的剂量依赖关系。     

粉末活性炭对电控反冲浸没式膜-生物反应器处理中药废水的影响

采用2套完全相同且平行运行的电控反冲浸没式膜-生物反应器(SMBR)处理富含甙类等易发泡而难降解的大分子物质的中药废水.其中一套SMBR放入粉末活性碳(PAC)(即PSMBR),另一套不放(即CSMBR).反冲时间为5min.通过调整预设反冲真空度及泵频使得抽吸周期约为90 min.在24 d(576 h)平均水力停留时间(HRT)为5.97 h的稳定状态内,CSMBR平均流量为5.87 L/h;而在30 d(720 h)平均HRT为5.99h的稳定状态内,PSMBR平均流量为5.85L/h.平均有机负荷(OLR)为4.16 kg COD/(m3·d)时,CSMBR化学需氧量(COD)平均总去除率为89.29%,而平均OLR为5.50 kgCOD/(m3·d)时,PSMBR的COD平均总去除率为89.79%.2套SMBR出水COD质量浓度均达GB 8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>医药原料药工业污水二级排放标准(300 mg/L).因此电控反冲SMBR处理中等质量浓度的中药废水是可行的.再者,PSMBR的电接点真空压力表的预设反冲真空度、泵频、以及混合液真空度和流量损失均滞后于CSMBR,故PSMBR不进行膜清洗的实际运行时间约为CSMBR的1.25倍,且当平均OLR较高时,PSMBR的COD平均总去除率增强.     

酚醛树脂基中孔炭块体电极的制备与电容性能

提出了一种有机体系超级电容器用中孔炭电极的直接成型制备方法。以热塑性酚醛树脂为前驱体,加入六次甲基四胺固化、粉压成型后进行CO2活化,制备了中孔发达的炭电极。该电极比表面积1563 m2/g,孔容1.87cm3/g,其中孔孔容占75.9%,在有机电解液1mol/L Et4NBF4/PC中具有良好的电化学性能,比电容达108 F/g,大电流倍率性能良好。     

MnO_2/竹炭超级电容器电极材料的性能

采用机械球磨法将竹炭和MnO2按不同比例复合,得到一系列不同配比的MnO2/竹炭电容器电极复合材料,对其进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TG-DSC),并进行循环伏安和电化学充放电测试。结果发现,当MnO2在复合材料中的质量分数为1%时,电极比容量可以达到338 F/g,100次循环后维持在260 F/g,显示很好的电化学性能。     

炭黑表面氧化改性及其水分散性研究

在水介质中利用过硫酸铵对炭黑表面进行氧化改性,考察了炭黑种类、氧化剂含量、反应时间和温度等参数对改性效果的影响。采用XPS和pH计测定分析了炭黑表面基团含量变化,通过膜过滤、激光粒度分析、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察及炭黑水分散液离心分离等方法考察了改性炭黑的水分散性及分散稳定性。结果表明,过硫酸铵质量分数为0.018%,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为20 h时,炭黑粒度由315.6 nm降至146.8 nm,其水分散液的分散性及稳定性最好,静置一年后无表观沉降。     

TiO_2纳米管薄膜的制备及其光电性能研究

将水热法制备的TiO2纳米管在600℃下焙烧,用焙烧产物制备染料敏化太阳能电池中的薄膜电极,同时与未焙烧的TiO2纳米管制备的薄膜电极进行光电性能比较。结果表明,600℃焙烧纳米管产物制备的薄膜电极短路电流和开路电压分别达到17.45mA/cm2和0.60V,光电转化效率提高到5.65%,高于未焙烧的TiO2纳米管制备的薄膜电极相应值,且机械性能良好,不易剥落。     

青藏高原典型湖泊湖岸带表层沉积物碳、氮、磷分析

在青藏高原地区的尕海、纳木错和羊卓雍错3个湖区的典型湖泊湖岸带采集表层沉积物,测定总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量,分析营养元素间的原子比.结果显示:7处湖岸带表层沉积物有机碳含量介于1.19～46.84g/kg之间,其中尕海糊区的果茫滩最高;总氮含量介于0.26～10.84g/kg之间,尕海最高;总磷含量介于0.05～0.38g/kg之间,尕海最高;纳木错有机碳、总氮、总磷含量均为最低.湖岸带表层沉积物C/N的最大值和最小值均出现在尕海湖区,分别是尕海湖区果芒滩的19.04和尕海湖区尕海的2.85,其他两个湖区的值均在5～10之间;C/P均大于60;N/P值介于8.75～63.17之间;纳木错湖区的N/P和C/P均低于另外两个湖区.可以认为:磷是3个湖区潜在的营养限制因子;尕海存在外源氮输入;果芒滩沉积物有机质主要来源为陆生和水生维管束植物碎屑混合物,纳木错湖区和羊卓雍错湖区则为湖泊自生的水生生物碎屑混合物.