Variability of snail growing season at the Chinese Loess Plateau during the last 75 ka

Knowledge of seasonal climate change is one of the key issues facing Quaternary paleoclimatic studies and estimating seasonal climate change is difficult,especially changes such as seasonal length on glacial-interglacial timescales.The stable isotope composition from seasonal land snail shells provides the potential to reveal seasonal climatic features.Two modern land snail species,cold-aridiphilous Pupilla aeoli and thermo-humidiphilous Punctum orphana,were collected from different climatic zones in 18 localities across the Chinese Loess Plateau,spanning 11 degrees of longitude and covering a range of 1000 km2.The duration of the snail growing season(temperature ≥10℃) was shorter(202 ± 6 d) in the eastern Loess Plateau compared with in the western Loess Plateau(162 ±7 d).The δ13C of P.aeoli shells was ?9.1‰ to ?4.7‰ and ?5.0‰ to 0.3‰ for δ18O.For P.orphana,the δ13C ranged from ?9.1‰ to ?1.9‰ and ?8.9‰ to ?2.9‰ for δ18O.Both the δ13C and δ18O differences between the two snail species were reduced from the east to the western Loess Plateau(2.8‰ to 0.2 ± 1.1‰ for δ13C and 4.7‰ to 2.9 ± 1.3‰ for δ18O).These isotopic differences roughly reflect the difference in the growing season lengths between the east and west Loess Plateau indicating that the duration of the snail growing season shortens by 15 d or 19 d if the difference decreases by 1‰ in δ13C or δ18O,respectively.Thus,the difference in δ13C and δ18O between both snail species can be used to reveal the length of the snail growing season in the past.Based on our investigation,the length of the snail growing seasons from the Xifeng region during the last 75 ka was reconstructed.During the mid-Holocene(8-3 ka),the mean isotopic difference from both snail species reached maximum values of 2.6 ± 0.7‰ and 2.1 ± 1.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.This was followed by MIS 3 that ranged from 2.5 ± 0.4‰ for δ13C and 1.6 ± 0.8‰ for δ18O.The Last Glacial Maximum changed by only 0.2‰ and 0.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.Therefore,we estimate that the duration of the snail growing seasons to be ～200 ± 10 d during the mid-Holocene,190 ± 6 d in MIS 3 and 160 ± 3 d during the last glacial period.     

Carbon isotopic record of foraminifers in surface sediments from the South China Sea and its significance

Since the 1990s, the papers and data involved withthe South China Sea (SCS) have been emerging in largenumbers in the world as people pay more attention to thepaleoceanography of the SCS. There have been more than100 cores mentioned in papers containing p…     

碳热还原氮化一步法制备钒氮合金工艺研究

对V2O5自还原氮化过程进行热力学分析,并以工业级V2O5和炭黑为原料,经过混料、研磨、压制成块后进行烧结和还原氮化,制得含氮量较高的钒氮合金。结果表明,为了避免V2O5在还原过程中挥发,预还原温度应控制在V2O5熔点(678℃)以下;经过650℃预还原4h,试样中的V2O5才能全部转化为低价态的钒氧化物;V2O5在N2气氛下自还原时,还原终温低于1 271℃时,还原产物优先生成VN,还原终温高于1 271℃时,还原产物中才会出现大量VC;为保证还原产物的高氮和低碳含量,应将还原氮化最终温度控制在1 200～1 300℃。     

Fe/SiO2催化剂的快速制备及催化生长碳纳米管

以纳米二氧化硅吸附和分散FeCl3.6H2O,采用旋转蒸发-高温还原法合成出Fe/SiO2催化剂。采用化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管,使用SEM和TEM对产物进行了表征。结果表明,当Fe/(SiO2 Fe)(物质的量比)为17.5%时,能够制备出高质量的直径为30~50nm的多壁碳纳米管。     

流速梯度场中重新定向排列碳纳米管机理分析

理论分析了流速梯度场中碳纳米管重新定向排列机理,其断面的流速呈抛物面分布,碳纳米管在流股剪切力作用下沿拉伸方向重新定向排列.用反复拉伸法制备出了碳纳米管沿拉伸方向定向排列且均匀分散的碳纳米管/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料,实验结果证明拉伸法和速度梯度场中定向排列碳纳米管的理论相符.     

活性炭电极电吸附除盐的研究

用活性炭、酚醛树脂和乌洛托品制备了活性炭电极．并研究了吸附时间、电压、溶液初始浓度和体积对电吸附除盐效果的影响．结果表明：随着吸附时间的增加除盐率也增加,吸附平衡时间为120min;电压越高电吸附效果越好;溶液初始浓度越大除盐率越低;处理溶液的体积越大除盐率也越低．     

PAN基炭纤维的石墨化度表征及与电阻率的关系

利用拉曼（Raman）散射和直流四电极法对热处理温度2400-3000℃的PAN基炭纤维样品进行测试,得到PAN基炭纤维的拉曼光谱与电阻率随热处理温度的变化关系．用Raman光谱的特征谱线的积分强度比对炭纤维的石墨化度进行了表征,分析了炭纤维的石墨化度对电阻率的影响,结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高,炭纤维的石墨化度降低,电阻率降低．     

活性炭对萘吸附的研究

通过对普通煤质活性炭进行酸碱改性处理,研究了不同活性炭加入量、吸附时间、溶液pH值、温度等条件下,对萘溶液的吸附规律。结果表明：活性炭对萘的吸附量随着萘初始浓度的增大而增大;随温度升高,吸附量呈略下降趋势,且温度对吸附影响并不大;溶液pH值对活性炭的吸附量影响也不明显;对萘吸附在30min内达到饱和,饱和吸附量较大,约为200mg／g;由吸附等温公式拟合结果显示为物理吸附,吸附能力顺序为：酸碱改性活性炭〉酸改性活性炭〉未改性活性炭。此外,还考察了用无水乙醇对吸附萘达饱和的未改性活性炭洗脱效率与时间的关系,浸泡90min,洗脱率达98％。     

碘化钾催化CO_2与氧化苯乙烯合成苯乙烯环状碳酸酯条件的优化

用碘化钾催化CO2与氧化苯乙烯(SO)合成苯乙烯环状碳酸酯,分别从溶剂、催化剂用量、温度、CO2压力和反应时间进行探讨,得出了最佳条件.结果表明:以无水乙醇为溶剂,催化剂用量r(KI∶SO)=1∶250,在170℃,CO2压力5 MPa,反应时间5 h,苯乙烯环状碳酸酯的产率和选择性均达到100%.     

Performance of an activated carbon made from waste palm shell in simultaneous adsorption of SO_x and NO_x of flue gas at low temperature

This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SOx(SO2)and NOx(NO-NO2)on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell.The adsorption process was examined in a fixed bed reactor at low temperatures(100 300°C).For individual adsorption without any catalytic activation,SOx showed good adsorption whereas NOx was very much poor.In the simultaneous adsorption of SOx and NOx,SOx showed greater adsorption affinity than NOx.For palm shell activated carbon(PSAC)impregnated with metal catalyst(Ni and Ce)the concentration adsorbed profile showed that the amount of SOx adsorbed decreased regularly,while the amount of the adsorbed NOx increased irregularly.The properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BET,SEM and EDX.These investigations indicated that PSAC impregnated with metal catalyst is the determining factor in the adsorption of SOx and NOx simultaneously.