Do caterpillars of Dryas iulia alcionea (Lepidoptera,Nymphalidae) show evidence of adaptive behaviour to avoid predation by ants?

Plants bearing extrafloral nectaries can attract wasps, bugs, and mainly ants. Ants can defend plants against herbivores by treating the plant as an extension of their own territory. We evaluated the efficiency of resting sites built by Dryas iulia alcionea larvae as protection against ant predation on their host plant Passiflora suberosa. The results showed that ants on P. suberosa have significant influence on the survival of D. iulia caterpillars. The use and construction of resting sites was recorded through the fourth larval stadium. A strong inverse relationship between the number of resting sites constructed per larva and the developmental stage of the larvae was observed. Additional results suggest that the efficacy of resting sites against cursorial predators decreases with larval development. The behaviour of constructing resting sites probably evolved by natural selection. It is likely that this behaviour was important for the ancestral lineage that gave origin to Heliconiinae genera Dryas, Dryadula and Phylaethria.     

The oak processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea L.) an urticating caterpillar related to the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) (Lepidoptera,Thaumetopoeidae)

Summary The hairs ofThaumetopoea processionea caterpillars (Lepidoptera) provoke a cutaneous reaction in man and animals. The urticating apparatus, the urticating gland which produces hairs, and the urticating hairs, are similar to those of theT. pityocampa caterpillar. The irritant fraction extracted from hairs contains soluble proteins; one of these shows immunological identity with thaumetopoein, the urticating protein of theTh. pityocampa caterpillar. This thaumetopoein-like protein is currently undergoing isolation and will be subjected to dermatological tests.     

发酵水葫芦汁液对大白菜种子发芽的影响

实验研究不同浓度的发酵水葫芦汁浸种大白菜,对其种子发芽的影响。实验结果表明,5％沼液的发芽势、发芽率均最高,100％沼液明显抑制种子发芽;通过单因素方差分析得到：根长、茎长、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、单株苗重的组间均存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）,即沼液浸种对大白菜各项生长指标有明显影响;并通过多重比较得知不同沼液浓度对大白菜芽的各项生长指标影响不同,其中5％沼液对单株苗重影响最大,较CK增重88．9％。综合各项指标,实验优选出5％沼液为大白菜发芽的最佳浸种浓度。     

只有一条最长路的树的Wiener指标

一个图的Winer指标是指图的所有顶点对的距离之和.本文确定了所有只有一条最长路的n阶树中(n>19)Wiener指标从第一小至第五小的树.     

大白菜EST-SSR反应体系优化及引物筛选

 探讨了大白菜EST-SSR反应体系的优化,利用优化的体系筛选部分引物。采用L16(44)正交设计,研究各主要参数的适宜浓度,建立适合大白菜EST-SSR反应的最佳体系。结果表明,各因素不同水平浓度对扩增结果均有一定影响,其中以引物浓度影响最大,其次是dNTP和Taq DNA聚合酶,最小是模板DNA用量。优化后的最佳体系（20?滋L）为：引物浓度1.0μmol/L,dNTPs 0.25mmol/L,Taq酶0.5U,模板DNA 70ng。利用优化的体系,根据大白菜EST序列设计引物126对,分别以2对抗、感病毒病的大白菜材料的基因组DNA为模板进行扩增,筛选出至少在一份材料中扩出多态性的引物19对。该优化体系可用于大白菜EST-SSR扩增,初步筛选的引物可用于大白菜病毒病分子标记的进一步研究。     

白菜快速碱化因子基因BcMF14的克隆及序列分析

快速碱化因子是近年来新发现的一种植物多肽类信号分子．从一个在‘矮脚黄’白菜雄性不育两用系的可育株系中特异表达的cDNA—AFLP差异片段入手,采用RACE技术克隆了该片段的基因,将其命名为BcMF14,全长581bp,不含内含子,开放阅读框长度为240bp,编码79个氨基酸．序列分析结果表明该基因与花椰菜、拟南芥等的快速碱化因子基因cDNA序列有很高的相似性,证明BcMF14属于快速碱化因子家族．     

重金属在土壤中的形态分布及其在空心菜中的富集研究

通过盆栽实验,研究了Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd在空心菜中的富集作用,并采用BCR提取方法,对盆栽土壤中4种重金属的化学形态进行了分析.研究结果表明,Cd主要以水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和Fe-Mn氧化物结合态为主;Pb主要以残渣态为主;Zn主要以残渣态和水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态为主;Cu在土壤中的形态分布与土壤中Cu的含量有关.4种重金属的生物有效性表现为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb.重金属在空心菜中的吸收富集能力与土壤中重金属的形态,尤其是水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态关系密切.空心菜中重金属富集系数大小表现为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb.空心菜地下部4种重金属富集系数远远高于地上部.     

甘蓝乳酸发酵过程中色香味的变化

对甘蓝乳酸发酵过程中颜色、香气、风味物的形成做了研究。探讨了色、香、味变化的机理及对成品的影响。     

大白菜早、中熟品种抗病性比较

试验结果表明：在参试的８个早熟品种中“小杂６１”综合性状表现最佳。其次是“９４—４”也表现出较强的抗病性和丰产性,而“９３—１”和“９４—１”前期病毒病发率病率均在９０％以上,造成绝产。在参试的９个中熟品种中,综合性状表现较佳的是“９３—６”、“９１—７”,其次是“９２—４”,表现最差的是“丰抗７０”。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法测定青海和西藏产区冬虫夏草中的35种元素

为了测定青海和西藏产区的17批冬虫夏草中的35种元素(其中16种为稀土元素)的含量,并进行初步产地鉴别分析,运用微波消解-ICP-MS法测定了3批玉树、4批那曲和10批果洛产区的虫草样本,并对3个产区的测定结果进行聚类分析。结果表明,不同产区的虫草药材各种元素含量差别较大,本文对其中4种有害元素Cd,Pb,As,Cu推荐了限量标准;聚类分析结果表明,玉树和果洛产区聚类较近、差异性较小;那曲产区聚类较远,相对差异性较大。该方法快捷、准确、可行性强,为不同产地冬虫夏草药材的质控和用药安全指导提供了理论依据。