Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

藏产红景天混合提取物对BALB／c小鼠免疫功能的影响

选择淋巴器官脏器系数,迟发型变态反应,脾脏抗体生成细胞数,巨噬细胞蚕噬指数等免疫免疫学指标观察藏产多种红景天对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,在５００－２０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量范围内能增加ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠胸腺的相对重量,足跖厚度及脾脏抗体生成细胞的数量。     

整（0,m）插值的推广

引进了一类新的指数型整函数插值,推广了（０,ｍ）插值,同时也考虑了该插值算子的收敛性。     

草间小黑蛛的核型

报道了草间小黑蛛的核型,包括染色体数目、形态结构和性染色体组成．材料采自石家庄市郊区．细胞学数据主要来自对混合胚胎细胞有丝分裂中期的观察．实验结果表明：草间小黑蛛细胞的染色体数是雄体细胞２ｎ＝２４,雌体细胞２ｎ＝２６,性别决定机制为Ｘ１Ｘ２Ｏ系统．Ｘ染色体为全部染色体中最小的和次最小的一个（对）．对其Ｃ－显带标本观察表明,所有染色体均为端或亚端着丝粒染色体,每个染色体都有其特点．     

Nα-quinaldyl-L-arginine·HCl,a new defensive alkaloid fromSubcoccinella-24-punctata (Coleoptera,Coccinellidae)

The isolation of N-quinaldyl-L-arginine·HCl (1) from the CoccinellidaeSubcoccinella-24-punctata is reported. The structure, first established on the basis of the analysis of the spectral properties of1, has been confirmed by synthesis. The alkaloid is of endogenous origin and markedly deterrent to ants.     

Molecular evidence for increased hematopoietic proliferation in the spleen of the b/b laboratory rat

The splenomegaly and the appearance of a significant number of CFU-E (erythroid colony-forming units) and BFU-E¹ (erythroid burst-forming units) in the Belgrade laboratory rat (b/b) spleen prompted us to analyse further the molecular evidence for increased hematopoietic proliferation in the b/b spleen. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) specific for globins, proteins for iron transport and deposition and the band 3 protein were used in rat erythropoietic tissues as markers for proliferation and erythroid differentiation. In the b/b spleen, all mRNAs analysed display an erythroid-specific pattern of expression. This analysis also revealed an enhanced level of mRNA for ferritin in the +/b spleen, whereas erythrocyte-specific mRNA production was normal.     

Antiviral activities of anthraquinones,bianthrones and hypericin derivatives from lichens

The antiviral activities of some naturally occurring anthraquinones bianthrones, and hypericin derivatives were compared by the end-point CPE (viral cytopathic effects) method and plaque assays. Under optimal conditions of exposure to light, hypericin, 7,7-dichlorohypericin and 5,7-dichloroemodin exhibited strong inhibitory activity against HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) in both assays. Partial inactivation of the virus was shown by emodin, 7-chloroemodin and 7-chloro-1-O-methylemodin; the bianthrones and other anthraquinones were found to be inactive. Antiviral activity appeared to be, positively correlated with increasing substitution of chlorine in the anthraquinone structure. In the absence of light, only hypericin and 7,7-dichlorohypericin displayed detectable activity.     

Cyclophosphamide-impaired regulation of hepatic heme metabolism

Summary Im male rats hepatic cytochromes b₅ and P-450 were reduced at different times after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) (200 mg/kg i.p. for 3 days). In contrast, microsomal heme did not change until 48 h after the last dose of CP, leading to accumulation of heme in a non-cytochromal form. Parallel to the above changes the heme metabolism showed derangement: -aminolaevulinate synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme synthesis, was depressed and heme oxygenase, the enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme, was increased.     

最终范数连续半群的一些性质

主要讨论了Banach空间中当t＞t0（t0≥0）时，最终范数连续半群{T（t）│t≥0}的性质，给出了最终范数连续半群无穷小生成元的一个谱分布性质．主要定理如下：设{T（t）lt≥0}是Banach空间X上的C0半群，A是其无穷小生成元，ω0=inft＞0（1/t1n‖T（t）‖）．若T（t）关于t＞α≥0是最终范数连续的，则存在一个减函数φ：（0，∞）→R，满足φ（M）→-∞（M→∞）且S={λ∈C│Reλ≥φ（│Imλ│） }lReA≥P（1ImAl）}包括于ρ（A），其中ρ（A）为A的预解集．     

序列Banach空间上的对偶半群

讨论序列Banach空间上的对偶半群．证明了不是自反空间的序列Banach空间上的G0半群的对偶半群仍可为G0半群．