系统可靠性的多目标优化计算

由于多目标优化问题存在多个最优解集合，而传统的方法往往将其转化为各目标之加权和，然后采用单目标优化技术，这种方法存在诸多缺点和脆弱性，作为一种并行算法，遗传算法能很好地解决多目标优化问题，文中在非劣性分层遗传算法的基础上对遗传算子进行改进，首先获得多目标优化问题的非劣解，然后通过对系统进行敏感性分析，有效地缩小了问题的解空间．试验对比发现，算法的速度和精度得到有效提高。     

Diversity and dispersal history of the talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) of Bermuda

Five taxa of talitrid amphipods were found in the archipelago of Bermuda, of which three were recorded there for the first time. Four of these are supralittoral wrack generalists: Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402, (a unique Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit according to the Barcode Index Number system), a related species recognized by molecular methods, Platorchestia platensis BOLD:AAA2949, Mexorchestia carpenteri carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491 and Tethorchestia antillensis; and one a terrestrial leaf-litter generalist: Talitroides alluaudi. A key is provided to discriminate between the formally described talitrids of Bermuda. Dispersal mechanisms from the American continent to Bermuda were considered for all taxa based on species distributions along the North American Atlantic coast and also investigated by molecular methods, using genetic population differentiation and haplotype network analysis based on the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. For P. monodi BOLD:AAB3402 the genetic results suggest that some dispersal events occurred before human colonization of Bermuda but are equivocal about the source population and therefore the direction of dispersal. Some very recent synanthropic dispersal is possible with this species. For the other two species studied genetically, P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 and M. c. carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491, the small population samples analysed support dispersal to Bermuda from the American mainland, before human occupation of Bermuda, although the available sample size was limited for these species. The available limited direct, non-genetic evidence supports synanthropic transport for Talitroides alluaudi. Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402 is found in the same wrack habitat as P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 on Bermuda, apparently without interbreeding. No evidence was found that driftwood specialist talitrids had become established in Bermuda.     

极大群和极小群的弱c-正规对有限群结构的影响

利用极大和极小群的弱c-正规性对有限群的结构进行刻画,得到可解群和p-幂零群的一些充分条件,推广了一些已知的结果.     

冬眠及外源维生素C对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖能量代谢的影响

观测了冬眠前饲料中添加外源维生素C(Vc)对冬眠中华鳖稚鳖能量代谢的影响.结果发现外源Vc不能提高冬眠期间中华鳖的存活率(P=0.57).稚鳖个体在冬眠期间生长能的平均值为-0.15 kJ.d-1,该值与代谢耗能相当.鳖体蛋白、脂肪、水分和灰分质量分数w在冬眠前后无显著差异(P>0.05),外源Vc对鳖的体组成没有明显影响(P>0.05).冬眠8周后,肝脏线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)和肝脏乳酸锐氢酶(LDH)的活性显著下降(P<0.05).饲料外源Vc对肝脏线粒体蛋白含量、肝脏线粒体COX和LDH的活性均无影响(P>0.05).     

C─值悖论及其机制

基因组大小，即Ｃ值，与基因组中所含的遗传信息的认定数量间缺乏对应，这种Ｃ一值悖论是由非基因ＤＮＡ的增加所造成的．     

应用最小二乘法原理计算平面滑坡岩石C、■值

根据河北省石人沟铁矿滑坡实例，应用最小二乘法原理，计算了该滑体岩石的粘结力（Ｃ）及内摩擦角值，继而为评价与治理采场边坡稳定性提供了有力的依据。     

关于为一组点定中心的问题

作者考虑如下的为一组点定中心的问题：设ｘ１，．．．，ｘｍ是平面上的一组点，需要求得一个点ｘ，使得诸ｘｉ与ｘ的距离的偏差最小，今年对偏差的不同的度量方法，问题可归结为不同的最优化问题。本文分析了三个这样的问题，它们分别可表示为线性ｍｉｎ ｍａｘ问题和ｄ．ｃ．规划问题，文中还讨论了可能的求解这些问题的数值方法。     

Protein kinases mediate nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in the insect cell line IPLB-LdFB

The involvement of protein kinases (PKA, PKC and PKB) in nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis with sodium nitroprusside plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine in the IPLB-LdFB cell line from the insect Lymantria dispar was investigated. The presence of protein kinase-like molecules was demonstrated by western blot analysis. The role of the kinases in programmed cell death was analysed in cytofluorimetric experiments by incubating the insect cells with H-89 (a specific inhibitor of PKA), calphostin C (an inhibitor of PKC) or wortmannin (an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). The results show that PKA is correlated with the induction and PKC and PKB with the prevention of NO-induced insect cell death. Moreover, NO-induced apoptosis involves the release of cytochrome c. Received 15 March 2002; accepted 25 March 2002     

高效液相色谱和原位荧光法比较研究威氏海链藻光合色素组成

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和活体荧光方法研究了威氏海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)在不同营养状态下其色素比值的变化．结果显示氮(N)限制相对磷(P)限制对威氏海链藻生长有更大的抑制作用．HPLC的结果显示在氮限制条件下，细胞的墨角藻黄素(Fucoxanthin)／叶绿素a、叶绿素c／叶绿素a比值高于磷限制和未受营养盐限制条件(对照组)；活体荧光结果则显示氮限制条件下550nm／440nm，460nm／440nm激发荧光比值低于磷限制和对照组．这两种方法来指示浮游植物的生理状态以及研究其类群结构存在一定差异，综合比较和评价这两种方法在指示浮游植物生理状态及类群结构中各自的优越性，结果表明活体荧光能明显地指示威氏海链藻细胞生长状态的变化，比较适宜用于指示不同生理状态下威氏海链藻的光合色素比值变化，而用HPLC来研究营养限制条件下威氏海链藻细胞的生长变化以及计算其类群的组成较为合适．