试析多元宗教对元朝蒙古族葬俗的影响

自成吉思汗建立蒙古汗国始,随着蒙古铁骑的南征北伐,各种外来宗教开始随着外来居民的涌入而传至国内,并与中国土生土长的道教、萨满教和儒学思想相互糅合,不断地发展。成吉思汗和他的继承者对各种宗教皆采取兼容并蓄的政策,利用其来加强自己的统治。随着多元教派在蒙古社会的逐渐渗透和广泛传播,蒙古社会发生了巨变,蒙古族丧葬习俗的变化尤为明显,如火葬、天葬等新的丧葬方式开始在蒙古族实施,并表现出时代和民族特色。     

贵州拉也剖面下Kellwasser事件生物地层及化学地层特征研究

为研究下Kellwasser事件的生物地层及化学地层特征, 对贵州拉也剖面进行细致的牙形石生物地层学和高分辨率化学地层学研究。结果表明, 剖面底部无机碳同位素及有机碳同位素有显著正向偏移, 样品LY-8代表的层位为下Kellwasser事件的界线。Kellwasser事件碳同位素变化的主要原因是有机碳埋藏量的增加, 可能是由初级生产力增加和缺氧环境共同造成的。     

牛蹄塘与陡山沱组页岩孔隙发育差异性与主控因素分析——以鄂西某井为例

鄂西地区是长江中下游地区页岩气勘探开发的重点区域,其中震旦系、寒武系等层系均获页岩气流,因此,对其储层微观孔隙结构特征及其影响因素进行研究具有十分重要的意义。通过对研究区页岩样品进行FE-SEM观察、TOC含量测定、全岩及粘土X-衍射分析及其岩石物性等的分析,明确了研究区储层孔渗特征及储集空间类型、有机质丰度及成熟度、矿物组成等。研究表明,牛蹄塘组页岩核磁总孔隙度及渗透率均大于陡山沱组页岩,陡山沱组页岩有机质孔隙发育较好且发育更多白云石晶间孔,部分层段发育方解石溶蚀晶锥及溶蚀坑洞;TOC含量及有机质热演化程度与有机质孔隙呈现负相关关系;矿物组分中,石英及长石含量与核磁总孔隙度呈现正相关关系,而白云石含量与其呈现负相关关系,黏土矿物与核磁总孔隙度的相关性并不明显;此外,核磁总孔隙度与深度呈负相关关系,表现在随深度的加深,核磁孔隙度总体呈波动下降趋势。分析认为：矿物组分、有机质丰度及热演化程度、埋藏深度是影响页岩储集能力的重要因素,有机质的富集有利于页岩气的生成与吸附,脆性矿物的存在提高了储层的脆性,有利于储层的增产改造;埋藏深度影响储集空间的保存条件优劣。     

岩浆严重侵蚀区高变质煤开采时的顶板管理

本文依据采场和巷道顶板稳定性的平衡拱理论,对煤层遭受岩浆严重侵蚀所形成煤包的赋存及开采特点,以及其厚层拱形岩浆岩顶板的稳定问题进行讨论,并按照弹性力学方法,对类似于大断面椭圆形巷道采场顶板的稳定性进行判断。文中对井下大量无支护空间的破坏可能性也做了分析。     

Biological productivity and carbon cycling in the Arctic Ocean

Primary production, bacterial production, particulate organic carbon fluxes and organic carbon burial rates were quantified during the summer period of 1999 in the Arctic Ocean via 14C uptake, 3H uptake, 234Th/238U disequilibrium and 210Pbex dating, respectively. The integrated primary production in the water column was as high as 197 mmolC/(m2@d) in the Chukchi shelf and was 3.8 mmolC/(m2@d) in the Canada Basin. These rates are higher than those reported previously. The ratios of bacterial production to primary production in the study region were higher than 0.5, indicating that microbial activity is not depressed but important in cold Arctic waters. 234Th/238U disequilibria were evident at the station in the Canada Basin. The presence of significant 234Th deficiency suggested that scavenging and removal processes are also important to biogeochemical cycles of trace elements in the Arctic Ocean. Particulate organic carbon export flux was estimated to be 1.0 mmolC/(m2@d). Measurements of sediment excess 210Pb profile in the Chukchi shelf allowed us to estimate the amount of organic carbon buried in the bottom sediment, which ranged from 25 to 35 mmolC/(m2@d) and represented about 59%-82% of the mean primary production in the euphotic zone. Overall, our results indicated that the Arctic Ocean has active carbon cycling and is not a biological desert as previously believed. Therefore, the Arctic Ocean may play an important role in the global carbon cycle and climate change.     

Evidence for UHP metamorphism of eclogites from the Altun Mountains

Ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphism refers to metamorphism that has occurred at pressures for the stability of coesite. The polycrystalline quartz inclusions showing the characteristic texture within garnets of eclogites indicates the pre-existence of coesites under the peak metamorphic condition. The unusual exsolution textures in ompacites and apatites, and the pressure estimations of phengite-bearing eciogites have been taken to provide further proof of eclogite formation under the UHP conditions.Combined with the fact that coesites have been observed in country rocks of eclogites in North Qaidam Mountains, another UHP metamorphic belt cut by the large-scale strikeslip fault in the AItun-North Qaidam area of China is confirmed.``     

Discovery of ultrahighpressure magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite (>3.8 GPa) in the Altyn Tagh,Northwest China

Magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite from the Altyn Tagh, associated with garnet pyroxenite, and garnet-bearing felsic gneiss, crops out as lenses in Proterozoic gneiss about 100 km east of the Jianggelasayi River. The garnet lherzolite, together with the eclogite in western Jianggelasayi, composes a high-pressure to ultrahigh- pressure metamorphic belt in the southern margin of the Altyn Tagh. Parageneses of minerals from magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite indicate that the rock evolved a multi-stage metamorphism. The peak-stage metamorphism produces an assemblage of Grt+Ol+Opx+Cpx±Mgs, in which Al₂O₃ content of Opx is very low (0.30 — 0.66wt%). The calculated P-T condition of the peak stage is 3.8—5.1GPa and 880—970℃, some exsolution rods of clinopyroxene and rutile occur in the Grt and magnesite is rimed by dolomite and orthopyroxene, all implying that the peak stage was a UHP metamorphic process. Together with regional geological studies, isotopic dating and the discovery of coesite inclusions in zircon separates from felsic gneiss from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, the presence of a very long UHP metamorphic belt in northwest China is suggested.     

Oxygen isotope compositions of eclogites in Rongcheng,Eastern China

Collected from the Rongcheng region,Shandong Province,the three types of eclogites suffering the UHP (i.e.ultra-high pressure )metamorphism have obviously different oxygen isotope compositions.The eclogites occurring in regional orthogneisses and ultramafic rocks have the oxygen isotope compositions of normal eclogites in the world,but the eclogites existing in marbles are extremely enriched in ^18 O.By applying oxygen isotope geothermometry ,for the all types of exlogites,the temperature estimates of quartz-garnet pair,in principle,indicate the formation temperatures of eclogites,so that the peak-metamorphic temperatures are estimated to be averagely little higher than 800℃ ,which are consistent with the estimates by using other geothermometers according to cation partitioning between coesisting phases ,The δ^18O values of eclogitic inclusions hosted in marbles from Yangguantun,Rongcheng region ,are far higher than the values of eclogites (including eclogitic inclusions in marbles ) from the Dabieshan and other places of the Sulu,The oxygen isotope compositions of various minerals indicate that the formation temperatures of eclogites from the Rongcheng region ,in genceral ,are higher than that from the Dabieshan and the southwestern part of the Sulu ,but the dispersive temperatures estimated by different mineral pairs probably refect that the UHP eclogites from the Rongcheng region generally suffered overprinted metamorphisms during the exhumation.     

The key stage and moment of coalbed gas reservior evolution in the Qinshui Basin,China

The evolution of coalbed gas reservoir is characterized by coalbed gas geochemistry and gas content. On the basis of burial history and thermal history, the forming process of coalbed gas reservoir and the gas accumulative history in the Qinshui Basin are discussed in this paper. The difference of the thermal history, geochemistry characteristic, and gas accumulative history between Yangcheng and Huozhou areas shows that the formation of coalbed gas reservoir in the Qinshui Basin is controlled by the geological process in the critical stage and the critical moment. The components and isotopes of coalbed methane are determined by the stage at which the coal maturation reaches its maximum rank. The coalbed methane accumulative history is related to the temperature and pressure of the coal burial history, because the coalbed gas is mainly in adsorptive state. It is stated that the gas content in the coal seam is controlled by the moment when the coal seam is uplifted to the shallowest position.     

地壳演化和变形的非线性动力学:2新疆阿尔泰造山带研究

阿尔泰造山带主要形成于晚泥盆世至早二叠世的主造山期，为一冲断—推覆—滑脱的造山作用、综合考虑多因素和多过程的非线性耦合与反馈作用对阿尔泰地区的造山与变形作用过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果表明，该区造山变形作用是一个非线性动力学过程．在造山期的应力和变形演化是非线性的，并表现为应力的空间非均匀分布和进一步的变形强度的空间差异、变形岩石的变质作用是非线性的并导致变质岩石的空间非均匀分布．岩浆的侵入对造山变形有重要影响，同时也是导致区域非线性变形的重要地质过程和因素。