Precipitation of rutile needles in garnet from sillimanite-bearing pelitic granulite from the Khondalite Belt,North China Craton

Pelitic granulite from the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton, is composed of garnet, sillimanite, perthite, biotite and quartz. Oriented rutile needles in gar- net are reported for the first time from the granulite. The rutile needles have been identified by optical microscopy and confirmed by in situ Raman spectroscopy, where they show the characteristic bands at 446-448 and 610 cm-1. Because of their very strong shape preferred orientation in 3-4 easily observable directions, these futile needles are interpreted to have formed by precipitation during exhu- mation and cooling following peak metamorphism. The ternary feldspar geothermometer gives a peak metamorphic temperature of ,- 980 ℃ at 10 kbar. The presence of oriented rutile needles in garnet is suggested to be a valuable indicator of ultrahigh-temperature （UHT） metamorphism in the Khondalite Belt and therefore likely in other UHT terrains.     

河惠莞高速公路佳龙嶂隧道浅埋段围岩变形分析

通过对河惠莞高速公路佳龙嶂隧道冲沟浅埋段在隧道成型后围岩的位移进行现场监测,分析浅埋隧道在开挖过程中围岩的变形情况.结果表明:浅埋隧道开挖后围岩的变形通常可分为加速变形、等速变形和缓慢变形3个阶段;掌子面的推进将对后方约40m范围内的周边围岩变形产生持续影响.     

穴居、悬棺葬、免耕与生态适应

对贵州紫云麻山地区的穴居现象、特殊的葬式和残留的免耕农作进行了详细分析,认为这些看似独立的文化特性其实都是对当地喀斯特地形的适应,并与苗族文化中的其他特征相互渗透融合,有效地回避了喀斯特生态系统的脆弱环节,因此,对于重新思考石漠化地区的治理目标具有参考价值,有利于为其他的类似生态脆弱地区的发展提供借鉴与启发。     

海拉尔盆地苏德尔特油田布达特潜山油藏成藏规律

海拉尔盆地贝尔断陷中的变质岩潜山油藏规模大,产量高。断裂系统复杂,断层展布方向大致为北东东向,断面宽度大、断距横向变化快。变质岩储层在纵向上可分为:风化破碎带,裂缝、溶孔、溶洞发育带和致密带。油藏成藏规律受烃源岩供烃能力及与储层接触关系、储层自身的储油能力、断层及不整合面垂向、侧向运移油气能力控制。形成了以油气沿断裂和不整合面组合侧向运移的布达特群顶面风化壳聚集成藏模式和油气沿断裂垂向运移的布达特群内部裂缝破碎带聚集成藏的内幕油气藏模式。     

隧道埋深对地铁运行诱发振动的影响分析

采用FLAC^30建立了三维弹塑性动力有限差分模型,综合考虑衬砌、地层和地表的动力相互效应,就珠三角软土地层隧道埋深对地铁运行诱发相关振动的影响规律进行了分析。结果表明,隧道埋深对地铁运行诱发的衬砌环、周围地层和地表的动力响应产生了明显的影响,埋深越浅则动力响应越强,埋深越大则动力响应越弱。埋深对衬砌环的影响主要表现为使其发生不同的整体下沉响应;埋深不仅影响到地层动力响应强度,还影响到其受振范围;适当增大隧道埋深有助于减小地表噪声和振感。计算值与实测值吻合良好。     

长江口滨海湿地有机碳循环过程及影响因素研究进展

滨海湿地是“蓝碳生态系统”的重要组成部分。综述了长江口滨海湿地土壤有机碳时空分布及含量、碳汇速率、有机碳横向输入输出通量及量化方法、有机碳循环定量分析模型以及有机碳储量和组分对不同影响因素所做出的动态响应规律,发现在土壤有机碳水平空间分布上,崇西湿地＞崇明东滩＞九段沙＞南汇潮滩;有机碳通量和浓度变化主要受到植物生物量和结构、水和土壤的理化性质、陆源输入和潮汐动力、间隙水交换以及人类活动和全球气候变化的影响。未来应加强长江口湿地土壤碳库和有机碳输运通量统一观测,准确量化各主要因素对有机碳的贡献,这对研究盐沼湿地的碳循环机理和碳汇评估具有重要意义。     

Exsolution microstructures in ultrahigh-pressure rocks: Progress, controversies and challenges

Exsolution microstructures in minerals of rocks from orogenic belts played an important role in recognition of ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） metamorphism in their host rocks by defining the subduction depth and improving our understanding of the dynamics during the subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks. However, it is a challenging scientific topic to distinguish the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and decipher their geological implications. This paper describes the subtle differences between the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ and the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and summarizes the progress in studies of exolution microstructures from UHP rocks and mantle rocks of ultra-deep origin. We emphasize distinguishing the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ based on their geometric topotaxy and chemistry. In order to decipher correctly the exsolution microstructures, it is crucial to understand the changes of chemistry and habits of host minerals with pressure and temperature, Therefore, it is important to combine observations of exsolution microstructure in natural rocks with experimental results at high pressure and temperature and results of micro-scale analyses. Such studies will improve our understanding of the UHP metamorphism and cast new lights on solid geoscience issues such as deep subduction of continental crusts and crust-mantle interactions.     

An experimental study of dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at 1.5―3.0 GPa

Dehydration melting experiments were performed on ultrahigh-pressure eclogite from Bixiling in the Dabie orogen at 1.5--3.0 GPa and 800--950℃ using piston cylinder apparatus. The results show that （1） eclogite with -5% phengite started to melt at T≤800--850℃ and P = 1.5--2.0 GPa and produced about 3% granitic melt; （2） the products of dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite vary with temperature and pressure. Fluid released from dehydration of phengite and zoisite leads to partial melting of eclogite and formation of plagioclase reaction rim around kyanite at pressures of 1.5--2.0 GPa and temperatures of 800--850℃; （3） phengite reacted with omphacite and quartz and produced oligoclase, kyanite and melt at elevated temperatures. Oligoclase is the primary reaction product produced by partial melting of phengite in the eclogite; and （4） the dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at pressures of 1.5--3.0 GPa and temperatures ≥900℃ results in formation of garnets with higher molar fraction of pyrope （37.67 wt.%--45.94 wt.%）. Potassium feldspar and jadeite occur at P = 2.4--3.0 GPa and T≥900℃, indicating higher pressure and fluid-absent conditions. Our results constrain the solidus for dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at pressures of 1.5--3.0 GPa. Combining experi- mental results with field observations of partial melting in natural eclogites, we concluded that phengite-bearing eclogites from the Dabie-Sulu orogen were able to partially molten at P= 1.5--2.0 GPa and T= 800--850℃ during exhumation. The ultrahigh-high pressure eclogites would have experienced partial melting in association with metamorphic phase transformation under different fluid conditions.     

Partial melting of deeply subducted continental crust and the formation of quartzofeldspathic polyphase inclusions in the Sulu UHP eclogites

Two types of quartzofeldspathic inclusions hosted by omphacite and garnet were identified in the Sulu UHP eclogites. The first consists of albite, quartz, and various amounts of K-feldspar. In contrast, the second consists predominantly of K-feldspar and quartz without any albite. The presence of quartzofeldspathic inclusions within the UHP mafic eclogites indicates that partial melting occurred in deeply subducted continental crust via mica dehydration melting reactions at an early stage of rapid exhumation. Such a melting event generated hydrous Na-K-Al-Si melts. These melts infiltrated into the mafic eclogite and were captured by recrystallizing garnet or omphacite, which together followed by dehydration and crystallization to form feldspar-bearing polyphase inclusions. Formation of silicate melts within the deeply subducted continental slab not only provides an excellent medium to transport both mobile （LILE） and immobile （HFSE） elements over a large distance, but also induces effective changes in the physical properties of the UHP slab. This process could be a major factor that enhances rapid exhumation of a deeply subducted continental slab.     

冲击变质效应与冲击变质的阶段:兼论岫岩陨石坑的证实

最近辽宁岫岩罗圈里的疑似陨石冲击坑,实施了深达307 m的科学钻探,在107~149 m深度发现一系列冲击波所产生的冲击变质的效应:  含岩石熔体玻璃的多相角砾岩, 石英击变面状页理和陨击玻璃等。从而使岫岩罗圈里陨石坑得到了证实。这是中国冲击变质作用研究方面的一大进展。研究确定陨石坑除了地形地貌特征之外, 主要依靠冲击变质效应的发现。权威性的冲击变质效应是:  震裂锥;高压,超高压矿物多形的出现;石英、长石等矿物中的面状页理以及震击均质体化和冲击玻璃的产生等。冲击波所产生的瞬时高压,不同于常规地质作用,它以应变速率极高并快速高温淬火和一定压力产生的后冲击温度等为特征, 导致不同程度的冲击变质效应,可称为冲击变质阶段 (stage of shock metamorphism), 不同的冲击变质阶段,作为近似的压力计,可以用以衡量冲击变质的强度。