面向能耗的云工作流调度优化

云工作流调度直接决定了整个云工作流系统的性能,已成为一个重要研究内容.针对当前缺乏有效的面向能耗的云工作流调度优化方法,研究建立了面向能耗的云工作流过程模型、资源模型,提出了基于负载的能耗计算方法和面向能耗的云工作流调度优化算法.提出的方法考虑了能耗因素,在进行任务优先级计算及任务选择时不仅考虑了文件在不同虚拟机间传输的速度差异、同时考虑了虚拟机与本地共享数据库间的文件传输等因素,并从云工作流任务分配、主机负载和主机功耗关系的角度,进行能耗的计算与调度优化,更符合实际情况、使用范围更广.数值案例和仿真实验表明了提出的方法是可行的和有效的.     

相似产品步进应力加速寿命试验的统计分析

本文将单组样本的步进应力加速寿命试验(SSALT)拓展到双样本情形.基于累积失效模型(CEM),对两组指数产品的联合Ⅱ型截尾数据进行综合分析.首先,计算未知参数的极大似然估计(MLE),并利用矩母函数(MGF)建立其条件概率分布.然后,采用两种方法,基于概率分布的精确分析方法和参数的Bootstrap方法,构建参数的置信区间(CIs).以覆盖率作为评价标准,对两种方法的区间估计效果进行分析.最后,通过数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性.     

一种含有中性指标的数据包络分析方法

在应用数据包络分析方法进行评价时,要求所有指标必须具有偏好性,即所有指标必须越大越好或者越小越好.然而,当评价指标体系中含有中性(即没有偏好性)指标时,传统的数据包络分析方法则不能解决该类问题.因此,本文以经济效率与产业结构调整为背景,从系统性的角度出发提出了一种用于评价含有中性指标的数据包络分析模型.该模型不仅能给出一个经济系统的效率大小,而且还能给出该系统应如何通过产业结构调整来提高经济系统的效率.最后,应用本文提出的方法分析了天津市经济结构调整的有效性问题.     

基于区间云模型对信息网络的效能评估

根据信息网络的结构和应用功能,在分析高功率微波对构成信息网络的电子设备效应机理基础上,构建了多层次的信息网络系统的效能评估指标体系.将区间数与云模型相结合,提出了区间云模型的评估方法,通过区间层次分析法得到评价指标的区间权重,实现了系统评估指标的定性与定量的相互转换,并利用评价区间云模型拟合出信息网络的综合效能.结合实例模拟分析,验证了该方法可行性和有效性.结果分析表明,使用区间数表示更能体现评估过程中的模糊性和不确定性因素.     

成本视角下全要素能源生产率评价与解构

本文依据中国"低成本"竞争模式,基于"要素价格"和"多产出"的双约束,构建一种新型的全要素能源生产率指数,并沿着"要素价格-成本权衡-区域能源效率变化"的逻辑链条,从成本视角对全要素能源生产率指数解构,探寻中国区域能源效率的时空分布特征以及根本动因,研究表明:1)要素价格扭曲的"低成本"策略通过技术效率和要素配置效率影响全要素能源生产率的变动,且后者逐渐成为影响我国区域全要素能源生产率指数变动的关键因素.2)就全国而言,能源利用效率和能源配置效率在节能减排政策实施前后有显著的跳跃性增长,说明市场化进程加快、节能减排政策实施能显著提高我国整体能源利用效率和配置效率.3)东部地区能源利用效率表现较好,但因要素市场扭曲程度较高,能源配置效率相对较低;中西部地区技术水平较低,但要素市场扭曲程度相对较小,短期内市场化改革决定的要素配置效率对区域全要素能源生产率提升更重要。     

Can We Predict the Financial Markets Based on Google's Search Queries?

We look into the interaction of Google's search queries and several aspects of international equity markets. Using a novel methodology for selecting words and a vector autoregressive modeling approach, we study whether the search queries of finance‐related words can have an impact on returns, volatility of returns and traded volume in four different English‐speaking countries. We identify several words whose search frequency is associated with changes in the dependent variables. In particular, we find that increases in search queries including the word stock predict increased volatility and decreased index returns over the next week. On top of that, we investigate the performance of a market‐timing strategy based on the search frequency of this word and benchmark it against random words from the Word‐Net database and a naive buy‐and‐hold strategy. The results of this empirical application are positive and particularly stronger during the global crisis of 2009. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

急倾斜煤层巷道围岩变形破坏机理及支护研究

急倾斜煤层巷道大多采用单一的支护体系,变形破坏极为严重.为了找出适合急倾斜煤层巷道的支护体系,对急倾斜巷道围岩变形破坏特征进行了深入的分析.以赵家坝煤矿3964运输平巷作为研究对象,借助岩石点荷载试验、围岩松动圈测试和数值模拟软件,对该巷道围岩力学性质、围岩松动范围、应力分布、变形情况分别进行研究,得出急倾斜煤层巷道围岩变形破坏机理,提出了锚网索钢带+注浆的支护体系.工程实践表明,该支护体系大大增强了急倾斜煤层巷道的稳定性,为急倾斜煤层巷道支护提供了科学依据以及实践经验.     

基于MDA机制的跨洋航空网时隙分配方法

考虑到飞机跨洋飞行的限制性条件,提出了一种改进的多单元双向拍卖机制来满足跨洋航空主干网的时隙分配的需要。该机制将VCG双向拍卖和传统的多单元双向拍卖进行结合和改进,并从激励相容、预算平衡、个人理性和机制效率等方面证明了该双向拍卖机制的性质。最后的仿真结果表明,该双向拍卖机制具有较高的效率。     

Beating the VAR: Improving Swedish GDP Forecasts Using Error and Intercept Corrections

This paper examines the forecast accuracy of an unrestricted vector autoregressive (VAR) model for GDP, relative to a comparable vector error correction model (VECM) that recognizes that the data are characterized by co‐integration. In addition, an alternative forecast method, intercept correction, is considered for further comparison. Recursive out‐of‐sample forecasts are generated for both models and forecast techniques. The generated forecasts for each model are objectively evaluated by a selection of evaluation measures and equal accuracy tests. The result shows that the VECM consistently outperforms the VAR models. Further, intercept correction enhances the forecast accuracy when applied to the VECM, whereas there is no such indication when applied to the VAR model. For certain forecast horizons there is a significant difference in forecast ability between the intercept corrected VECM compared to the VAR model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Overreaction in Survey Exchange Rate Forecasts

We use survey data on five bilateral exchange rates to provide empirical evidence of the fact that professional forecasters of foreign exchange rates behave irrationally, in the specific sense that they respond inaccurately to available information in the market when forming their predictions. In particular, we find systematic biases in the forecasts resulting in the overreaction of analysts to past information contained in the exchange rate dynamics: forecasters change their prediction more than it would be rational on the basis of past realized changes. In addition, forecasters are heterogeneous in their irrationality: low performers in previous periods show a more pronounced overreaction effect. This can be read as an indication of perpetration of past errors and continued inability to learn from the past. In the second part of the paper, we exploit the novel structure of our dataset, which consists of survey data extracted from the Bloomberg platform and readily available to anyone. This feature allows us to consider their own and others' past forecasts as part of the information set that analysts use in making their predictions. By using past forecasts as proxies for relevant macroeconomic variables, we find evidence that analysts fail to correctly process not only the information contained in the spot rate past dynamics but also the information in this broader set. We see this as confirmation of the existence of inefficiency and heterogeneity between low and high performers also when full information is available. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.