管壳式换热器的热阻分析与传热强化

本文拟对管壳式换热器传热过程各热阻做数量级估算 ,并用数学理论分析总结传热系数随各热阻的变化规律 ,进而指出强化传热的有效途径     

最佳逼近与球调和级级站处处收敛

讨论了球调和级数的几乎处处收敛问题,当函数的最佳逼近满足一定条件时,给出了球调和级数的部分和算子的收速度的估计。     

我国住房信贷的现状及防范措施

介绍了我国住房信贷市场的现状,指明了目前我国住房信贷市场存在的问题,针对这些问题提出了一些具体的解决办法。     

传统的软件开发方法如何达到CMM的可重复级标准

软件能力成熟度模型是由美国卡内基-梅隆大学软件工程研究所推出的评估软件能力与成熟度的一套标准.本文首先介绍了与软件能力成熟度模型相关的一些概念以及它的五个等级结构.然后从关键过程区的角度探讨了传统的软件开发方法如何达到能力成熟度模型的可重复级标准.最后简单分析了目前我国CMM的实施情况.     

Direct evidence of phosphorus outbreak release from sediment to overlying water in a large shallow lake caused by strong wind wave disturbance

Concentration variations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (SRP), and algae available phosphorus (AAP) in overlying water were observed during the coldest week in a year in Lake Taihu, a large shallow lake in China. Water samples at different water depths were collected with wind speeds of 8, 12, 0 and 0 m/s on 23, 24, 26 and 30 January 2004, respectively. On 23 January 2004, SS concentration increased to 258 mg/L with a wind speed of 8 m/s lasting for 1 h. SS concentration kept increasing and reached to 507 mg/L when the strong wind lasted for 24 h and the peak value of wind-speed reached to 12 m/s on 24 January 2004. On 26 January 2004, SS concentrution decreased to 51 mg/L with the wind speed smaller than 2 m/s lasting for about half a day. Then after five continuous waveless days, SS concentration decreased to 21 mg/L on 30 January 2004. The observed results confirmed that sediments in Lake Taihu would be intensively suspended if the surface wind speed is greater than 8 m/s, and the magnitude of SS would increase with increasing wind-speed. Coupled with the intensive sediment suspending, concentrations of TP, DTP and SRP on 23 January were 0.210, 0.048 and 0.035 mg/L, respectively. And they were 0.299, 0.054 and 0.026 mg/L on 24 January, which were significantly higher than those on 26 and 30 January. SRP concentration on 23 January was twice as high as that observed on 30 January. It indicates that the strong wind may result in an outbreak release of phosphorus. Moreover, AAP contents in suspended solids were 132, 97 and 226 mg/kg on 23, 24 and 26 January, respectively. Therefore, it could be estimated that this strong wind process resulted in 987 t of TP, 80 t of SRP and 167 t of AAP releasing from sediments into overlying water. Since such strong wind process is frequent in the area of Lake Taihu, dynamical release driven by wind-induced wave disturbance may be the main mode for internal release of phosphorus. It must have important effects on the nutrient supply during Microcystis bloom in Lake Taihu.     

Scientific heritage in Brazil

This work presents an overview of Brazil’s scientific heritage, especially the collections and sets of artefacts related to the exact sciences and engineering. The information provided is the outcome of a survey being undertaken on a national level under the coordination of Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins (Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences, or MAST), which is leading teams from five Brazilian universities. Sets of objects have been identified at museums, universities, military establishments, and some secondary schools. The best preserved collections are at a few museums, but the universities hold most of the artefacts. The overwhelming majority of the objects were made in the twentieth century, primarily the second half. After the general results of the survey are presented, details about a few sets of objects and collections are given, including information about their current state, the provenance of the objects and the history of the institutions. The objective of this initiative is to raise the awareness of the Brazilian state so that a policy is created for preserving this heritage and financing mechanisms to assure it can be researched, conserved, and ultimately fulfil its mission in society.     

弹性聚合物和碳纤维布加固的砌体墙抗爆性能的数值分析

为研究砌体墙在爆炸荷载下的响应机理,建立了墙体的有效分析模型,并采用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对砌体墙在爆炸荷载作用下的变形与破坏模式进行数值模拟。计算得到未加固和弹性聚合物加固墙体的整体变形与破坏模式、跨中位移与速度等的数值模拟结果与试验数据基本一致。给出了弹性聚合物和碳纤维布CFRP(carbon fiber rein forced plastic)材料加固效果的比较,并指出采用这2种材料加固的墙体均具有较好的抗爆性能,碳纤维布材料加固的效果要好于弹性聚合物材料。     

一种适用于Ad hoc网络的基于状态感知的负载均衡路由协议

为解决MANET中网络拥塞导致的网络时延增大和吞吐量下降的问题,提出了一种新的基于信道负荷感知的负载均衡路由协议CLB-DSR(channel load based-dynamic source routing)。该协议中,节点通过监测信道的繁忙比例预测信道的负荷,完成对信道状态的感知,中间节点根据感知的信道状态决定是否允许路由。CLB-DSR协议对网络负载的映射考虑了邻居节点的负荷,对网络状态的描述全面而准确,CLB-DSR路由协议只需监测信道的状态,一定程度上减少了负载信息在网络中传播带来的网络开销。仿真表明,该路由协议在没有增加网络开销的情况下,有效地提高了网络的吞吐量,降低了平均端到端时延。     

非阻塞性颗粒阻尼加筋板振动功率流的研究

针对工程上常用的加筋板结构,推导出了加筋板振动方程,并用拉普拉斯变换法对方程进行了求解,从理论上分析了激励位置、肋骨和非阻塞性颗粒阻尼（NOPD）对板结构振动功率流的影响规律。理论分析和实验研究表明：NOPD能有效地抑制振动能量流的输入及峰值功率流,从而有利于降低板的噪声辐射;当肋骨数目一定时,激励位置靠近加筋板结构的边角、沿矩形板的长度方向加肋和选择比重较大的NOPD,均更有利于减少输入到结构中的能量流。研究结果为该类结构的结构优化设计和阻尼优化配置提供了重要的理论依据。     

光轴方向任意时 单轴晶体中非常光的传播

提供了在各向异性的单轴晶体内 ,当光轴方向任意时 ,非常光传播方向的一种较简便的计算方法 ,并给出了计算实例。