Roles of the DNA mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins during meiosis

Numerous proteins are involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathways. The function and specificity of these proteins during the mitotic cell cycle has been actively investigated, in large part due to the involvement of these systems in human diseases. In contrast, comparatively little is known about their functioning during meiosis. At least three repair pathways operate during meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to repair mismatches that occur as a consequence of heteroduplex formation in recombination. The first pathway is similar to the one acting during postreplicative mismatch repair in mitotically dividing cells, while two pathways are responsible for the repair of large loops during meiosis, using proteins from MMR and NER systems. Some MMR proteins also help prevent recombination between diverged sequences during meiosis, and act late in recombination to affect the resolution of crossovers. This review will discuss the current status of DNA mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins during meiosis, especially in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Received 21 September 1998; received after revision 23 November 1998; accepted 23 November 1998     

盐法分离低核酸酵母蛋白的机理研究

本文用荧光光谱法研究了不同盐对酵母蛋白质构象的影响,结果表明,盐是降低酵母蛋白分离物的核酸含量的原因之一。通过对盐除核酸过程进行热力学分折,对比离子对水结构和核蛋白稳定性的影响,否定了Damodaran提出的疏水作用机理,证明在维持核蛋白稳定的次级键中,氢键的作用是最主要的;核蛋白的解离并非盐通过改变溶剂的结构而间接作用于核蛋白所致,而应归因于盐与核蛋白的直接作用,特别是盐与核蛋白分子主链的作用。     

Characteristics of the binding features of Nelin with F-actin and screening Nelin interactive proteins

The interaction of nelin, a cardiac-specific expressed protein of human novel gene nelin, with F-actin was studied by both F-actin cosedimentation in vitro and colocalization assays. The results showed that nelin is a new F-actin binding protein and is colocolized with F-actin in cytoplasm of cells. Three new nelin binding proteins, filamin C subtype, titin N2B subtype and inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor heavy chain precursor (ITIH), were identified from human heart cDNA library using yeast two-hybrid screening. The binding activity of filamin C with nelin was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. Filamin C binds to nelin through its C-terminal region. It is indicated that nelin is a cytoskeleton associated protein and acts as a membrane-cytoskeleton associated protein involved in the formation of focal adhesions.     

甘蔗糖蜜发酵生产麦角固醇的研究

报道麦角固醇产生菌编号ＧＤ－９５－６１的培养优化条件。实验结果表明，培养基组分、甘蔗糖蜜浓度、培养时间，培养基起始ＰＨ值和培养温度等对该菌细胞生物量和麦角固醇含量均有影响。     

酵母精在调味汤料中的应用研究

探讨了酵母精在调味汤料中的应用情况及添加用量.研究表明,酵母精应用于多用途营养调味料时,添加量应控制在0.5%～0.75%;应用于牛肉方便面汤料时,添加量控制在1.5%～2.0%,能使调味汤料增香、增鲜,掩饰异味,使风味更加醇厚.     

低醇啤酒酵母菌种选育的研究

采用啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)单倍体筛选并结合群体杂交技术,初步得到乙醇含量为1.5％以下的低醇啤酒酵母菌株.其中5株(LE-3、LE-31、LE-39、LE-197、LE-200)经5次以上反复发酵培养,酒精度稳定在1％左右,其它理化指标与无醇啤酒比较,基本一致.     

烟草尼古丁去甲基酶基因CYP82E4启动子结合蛋白的鉴定与分析

 以尼古丁去甲基酶编码基因（CYP82E4）上游的启动子功能元件作为诱饵,使用酵母单杂交方法从喷施乙烯利叶片的cDNA融合表达文库中钓取与之相互作用的结合蛋白.研究结果表明,诱饵载体pHIS2/pE4和cDNA融合表达载体pGADT7-Rec2共转化到酵母细胞中的效率为1×10⁶.对文库的筛选结果表明,本研究共获得39个阳性克隆,且阳性克隆的插入片段在850～2500bp之间.将获得的39个阳性克隆进行测序,其中发现1个可能参与基因(CYP82E4）表达调控的锌指蛋白转录因子.下一步将对其功能进行分析,为通过分子育种手段培养低含量去甲基尼古丁的烟草提供实验基础.     

热预处理对细胞分裂效率的影响

以发酵酵母为研究对象，采用超声波空蚀和高压均质方法对细胞进行机械细胞分裂，研究了热预处理对微生物细胞分裂效率的作用。结果表明：酵母悬浮液的温度经热预处理从室温（22±1）℃上升到40-50℃时，达到相同程度的细胞分裂效率所需的能量降低了；当酵母悬浮液的温度经热预处理上升到50℃时，蛋白质浓度达到最大值，蛋白质发生变质的热预处理温度≥52℃。