固定化酵母细胞连续发酵生产酒精的研究

在３００Ｌ容量塔式发酵器中进行固定化酵母细胞连续发酵酒精的小型中放实验，固定化酵母细胞可连续使用３个月以上，在温度３０℃左右，ｐＨ＝４～５及糖浓度１８％（Ｗ／Ｖ）（１１°Ｂｘ）时，每升固定化酵母可产酒精２５～３０ｇ．     

糖化酵母在酒精工业中应用研究（Ⅰ）──去除INH1基因的酒精酵母的选育

二倍体耐高温酒精酵母经诱导生孢子，单孢子分离及营养缺陷型遗传标记的制作，获得了一株与亲本发酵性能相当且遗传性能稳定的单倍体菌株ＪＤ９－２２（α，ｓｔａ，ＩＮＨ１，ａｒｇ）。利用酵母的群体杂交方法，通过糖化酵母单倍体菌株２６０６７－４４（ａ，ＳＴＡ，ｉｎｈ，ａｄｅ）于ＪＤ９－２２杂交，选育去除了ＩＮＨ１基因的耐高温酒精酵母单倍体，解除了ＩＮＨ１基因对ＳＴＡ基因在酒精酵母细胞内表达的抑制。     

用酵母生产麦角固醇发酵动力学的研究

研究了酵母以蔗糖为废物发酵生产麦角固醇的动力学模型：菌体生长模型．拟合值和实验值之间的平均相对误差１３．５％；底物庶糖消耗动力学模型．拟合值和实验值之间的平均相对误差９．８８％；麦角固醇合成动力学模型：拟合值和实验值之间的平均相对误差９．０％．     

Production of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase of two biocontrol agents and their possible modes of action

Pichia membranefaciens Hansen and Candida guilliermondii (Cast) Langeronet Guerra are two antagonists of R. stolonifer on harvested nectarine and peach fruits. In this study, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities of the antagonists were induced in vitro and in vivo. The highest β-1, 3-glucanase activity was detected in Lilly-Barnett minimal salt medium supplemented with glucose in combination with CWP of R. stolonifer as a carbon source. The β-1,3-glucanase activity of P. membranefaciens reached the maximum level, being 114.0 SU (specific activity unit), and that of C. guilliermondii reached 103.2 SU. The lowest β-1,3-glucanase activity was observed in the medium containing glucose as sole carbon source. P. membranefaciens was able to produce significantly higher levels of chitinase (exochitinase and endochitinase) in vitro than C. guilliermondii grown in Czapeck minimal medium. An increase in β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity was also triggered by wounding, adding of carbon sources and yeast cells. The results showed that both β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase from P. membranefaciens and C. guilliermondii exhibited some effects on controlling R. stolonifer, and might have a synergistic activity against R. stolonifer.     

Cloning and identification of measles virus receptor gene from marmoset cells

The measles virus (MV) strains with mutated hemagglutinin gene (ha) lost the capacity to infect its sensitive host cells (Vero cells), but it may infect the marmoset B-lymphoblastoid cell line B95a. From above, we can presume that there is a novel cellular receptor for those measles virus strains on B95a cell s. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we screened and cloned a novel gene--bip (B-lympho- blastoid interaction protein of marmoset) from B95a cell cDNA library, which encoded a protein interacting with measles virus hemagglutinin protein (Ha). The bip cDNA was 1540 base pairs in length and contained a unique open rea ding frame (ORF) of 1011 base pairs encoding a transmembrane protein of 337 amino acid residues. The primary structure of amino acids residue is predicted that the Bip comprised a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a hydrophobic leader region. The researches about the deletion mutants showed that the deletion of tran smembrane domain in Bip did not affect the interaction between Bip and Ha protei ns. Expression of bip in measles virus non-permissive cell line--CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells was performed to prove that CHO/Bip can be infected by meas les virus and then turned to the MV permissive cells. We concluded that the bip gene is a novel measles virus receptor gene in marmoset B-lymphoblastoid cells.     

固定化酵母用于传统啤酒发酵的研究

利用固定化酵母用于传统啤酒发酵,结果表明:酵母在固定化载体中生长良好、增殖快、稳定性高,可使啤酒的主发酵期由7～12天缩短为36小时,有效的提高了设备利用率,啤酒产量增加30～40％.同时还节省能源,降低成本.     

锌酵母的研究 Ⅱ.锌对酵母细胞生长和锌含量的影响

培养基中锌的浓度(以含ZnSO_4的味精废液滤液形式提供)不仅与啤酒酵母2016细胞生长、形态有关.且直接影响细胞含锌量和对锌吸收率。培养基中ZnSO_4浓度高于3×10~(-2)M时.酵母细胞生长受到抑制。在一定范围内.酵母细胞含锌量随培养基中锌含量增多而增加,但锌吸收率随培养基中锌含量增多而减低。     

酵母质粒Killer系统的研究

从酿酒酵母中筛选出两个具有线状双链RNA质粒的酵母菌株,提取并纯化了它的质粒RNA.用RNase和DNase处理,发现它们能被RNase消化,证明它们是质粒RNA.用电镜观察到它们呈线状,凝胶电泳图谱表明,这些质粒RNA都含有两条带;其分子量分别为3.0×10~6d和1.5×10~6d。     

乙醇对酿酒酵母酸化力的影响

酿酒酵母A364A菌悬液中加入0.1mol/L葡萄糖后立即出现酸化现象。乙醇抑制酵母酸化力作用受菌龄、温度及pH的影响。菌株A364A在含乙醇培养基中生长后对乙醇的耐受力变小,但在YNB培养基中能恢复。而放线菌酮抑制这种恢复作用说明乙醇耐受力的恢复与蛋白质合成有关。     

利用微生物反应器连续生产酵母单细胞蛋白

用海藻酸钙固定化面包酵母反应器由糖蜜生产单细胞蛋白,结果表明,在任何给定的稀释速率(D)下,流出液细胞浓度较高。在D=0.5h~(-1)时,固定化细胞反应器的生产能力为2gl~(-1)h~(-1),约为传统连续培养的2.5倍。