圈养黑叶猴的生殖周期及其后代的生长发育

1977～1989年,我国按一雄配多雌,饲养雌性黑叶猴22头,共怀孕90胎,育成66仔,成活率达73％。母猴的发情无季节性,持续时间为2.57±0.68d,发情周期为22.5±7.93d。母猴因流产、早产、新生儿死亡、哺乳期夭折平均经75±27.42d后恢复发情交配。怀孕期为184±15d。胎盘属血绒膜型胎盘,重117.7±23.18g、脐长24.83±3.25cm,脐中段外径0.48±0.04cm,胎盘大18.38±2.76cm×7.25±1.2cm。在正常情况下,母猴的一个生殖周期为17.42±1.79个月。乳齿8d龄开始萌出;半岁长齐,20枚。2岁2个月龄至4岁为齿的更替期。4岁10个月龄后长齐,32枚,恒齿。仔猴4岁10月龄前平均月增重为115.69±51.02g。雌性3.96±0.53岁、雄性5.5～6岁性成熟。     

Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral and neurochemical aspects of emotionality in rats

Summary Three pairings of rats (two derived from divergent, selective breeding and one from divergent environmental conditions) were compared with regard to behavioral and hormonal parameters. Striking differences were observed: results obtained in our own laboratory as well as those found in a review of the literature pointed to higher emotionality (e.g., increased defecation and corticosterone secretion, etc.) in Roman low-avoidance, Wistar-Kyoto and group-housed rats, as compared to their respective counterparts, Roman high-avoidance, spontaneously hypertensive, and individually housed Wistar rats. Concomitant receptor binding studies reviewed here (³H-diazepam- and³H-imipramine-binding sites) have revelaed, however, less consistent intrapair differences.     

Statistical approaches in QTL mapping and molecular breeding for complex traits

Most of the important agronomic traits in crops,such as yield and quality,are complex traits affected by multiple genes with gene × gene interaction as well as gene × environment interaction.Understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits is a long-term task for quantitative geneticists and plant breeders who wish to design efficient breeding programs.Conventionally,the genetic properties of traits can be revealed by partitioning the total variation into variation components caused by specific genetic effects.With recent advances in molecular genotyping and high-throughput technology,the unraveling of the genetic architecture of complex traits by analyzing quantitative trait locus (QTL) has become possible.The improvement of complex traits has also been achieved by pyramiding individual QTL.In this review,we describe some statistical methods for QTL mapping that can be used to analyze QTL × QTL interaction and QTL × environment interaction,and discuss their applications in crop breeding for complex traits.     

高产小麦品种设计与育种实践

对小麦设计育种的概念、意义、原理以及内容进行概述,提出了适合黄淮地区小麦高产育种的产量水平与构成因素、株叶型、抗逆性、适应性以及生态类型等性状的具体标准和设计思想.依据小麦品种设计原理,在小麦高产育种实践中,成功选育出高产、稳产、广适性国审小麦新品种"富麦2008",并结合实践经验,阐述了品种设计在对我国超级小麦育种方面的广阔前景.     

军曹鱼人工繁育试验研究

在广西海洋研究所分别进行室内和室外军曹鱼人工繁育试验。从海南、福建挑选亲鱼并育肥,注射激素使亲鱼产生精、卵,让卵自然受精。室内用网箱流水、黑桶充气和苗池充气等方式孵化受精卵,室外在池塘网箱中孵化受精卵,仔鱼开口后将其从网箱放出。仔鱼开口后及时投喂合适的饵料,培育30d后出苗。结果获得优质受精卵158．5万粒,孵化出仔鱼148．8万尾,孵化率93．8％,室内3种孵化方式中,网箱流水效果较好。室内育苗平均成活率12．61％,室外育苗平均成活率7．52％,室内培育比室外培育的平均成活率高5．08％。     

三七栽培研究进展

综述了三七营养与施肥、品种选育、病虫害防治以及连作障碍克服4方面的研究进展,并对今后三七栽培技术研究的主要方向做了展望。     

青海云杉自由授粉家系遗传变异与基于BLUP的改良代亲本选择

【目的】最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)方法是对遗传种质在不平衡环境下利用混合线性模型方程对育种值进行无偏预测,可有效估算与剔除环境效应,反映真实遗传效应,有较高精确性。应用BLUP方法估算育种值用于改良代亲本选择,对于青海云杉的遗传改良具有积极的参考价值。【方法】本研究在对13 a和14 a的两批青海云杉种子园自由授粉子代测定林的树高遗传分析基础上,利用BLUP方法,通过构建亲缘关系矩阵,对树高育种值进行估测。【结果】结果表明家系及家系和区组互作效应显著影响树高。两批青海云杉种子园自由授粉子代树高的家系遗传力分别为0.17和0.36,单株遗传力均为0.07。基于混合线性模型的BLUP方法估算家系亲本无性系树高育种值和真实树高、单株树高预测值和真实值均具有极显著相关关系,相关系数分别为0.99和0.86。根据家系亲本无性系育种值选出20个优良家系,根据优良家系后向选择母本无性系建立改良种子园的树高现实遗传增益分别为36%和26%。根据单株树高育种值采用配合选择方法从两批家系试验林各选出20个改良代优树,根据前向选择子代优良单株的树高预期遗传增益分别为7.6%和7.9%。【结论】对比后向选择和前向选择树高的遗传增益发现,青海云杉高世代育种中可优先后向选择,选择优良家系母本无性系建立1.5代改良代种子园。     

山西芦芽山自然保护区褐马鸡繁殖力的研究

１９９５年～１９９７年３月～７月,在山西芦芽山自然保护区,对褐马鸡（Ｃｒｏｓｏｐｔｉｌｏｒｍａｎｔｃｈｕｒｉｃｕｍ）的繁殖力进行了研究。已知其性成熟周期为３６５ｄ,发情与配偶期在每年３月下旬,营巢与产卵期在４月,窝卵数８．０２枚,孵卵期２７±１ｄ,孵化率９６．００％,成活率９６．６７％,每年参加繁殖的个体数占种群数量７６．２０％。繁殖力为２．８５只／年。     

污染场地控制与修复实验教学改革探讨

污染场地控制与修复是近些年各高校陆续开设的一门环境类专业课.该文阐述了该课程实验教学目前存在的问题,分析了原因,并论述了从强化实验教学环节、改革实验成绩考核方式、多层次实验教学模式、全方位开放实验室等方面进行教学改革的必要性和措施,以期提高实验教学效果,培养具有扎实专业技术的创新型人才.     

玉竹高产栽培技术的研究

以玉竹1a根茎为实验材料,研究不同栽植密度、不同种栽直径、不同播种深度对玉竹生长及产量的影响。结果表明:栽植密度与株高、平均单株叶片数、单位面积根茎产量不呈正相关,最佳密度是10cm"30cm,1a生玉竹根茎产量达到667m2为2332.8kg;种栽直径与株高、单株叶片数、单位面积根茎产量呈正相关,种栽直径1.1cm的平均单株根茎重量为0.1653kg,是种栽直径0.2cm的平均单株根茎重量0.1005kg的1.64倍,增加产量幅度达64.5%,因此,瘦弱细小的根茎不宜留种;播种深度与株高、单株叶片数、单位面积根茎产量不呈正相关,种栽播种深度为6cm是最佳播种深度,其根茎产量比播种深度14cm的增产111.2%,比播种深度10cm的增产44.2%,比播种深度2cm的增产36.1%。