A Review of Coated Conductor Development

The developments of coated conductor technology have been reviewed. It is shown that the critical current density of high-Tc wires can be greatly enhanced by using three-fold approaches: grain alignment, grain boundary doping, and optimization of the grain architecture. Major advances have been made in the last 16 years mainly in three aspects: substrates, buffer layers and the YBCO layer. Cost is still the main concern for scale up, especially for the approach through vapor depositions, such as the PLD method. TFA-MOD or other CSD methods may be the trend to overcome cost and speed consideration during the scale up. However, high reliability and reproducibility will be the new focus for these techniques. Ni-alloy tapes seem to have advantages over pure Ni in terms of mechanical strength and oxidation resistance. Depositing a pure Ni layer on top of Ni-based alloys (such as Ni-Cr and Ni-W alloys) solves the problem of low strength of Ni and poor texture of Ni alloys. The RABiTS and IBAD are the two robust approaches for the texture generation. But the buffer materials and architectures being investigated remain unclear, though CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 and MgO arecommonly used buffer layers for RABiTS and IBAD respectively. For the case where a buffer layer is unavoidable, a non-vacuum process would be suitable for low cost and scale up. However, none of the buffer layer fabrication processes through CSD has been demonstrated results good enough for long length coated conductor applications. While, a high Jc superconducting layer can be produced by TFA-MOD, which brings a bright future for coated conductors. Clearly, there are still many scientific and technological barriers to be overcome before any long length of high Jc coated conductor be produced commercially. But theoretical analyses and technological progress show the potential for the practical application of coated conductor wires in the near future.     

时频分析在语言想像脑机接口中的应用

为了分析语言想像所诱导的脑电信号的时间和频率特性,利用事件相关谱扰动(ERSP)对信号进行时频分析.首先,经ERSP确定能量波动的频率范围;然后,根据该频率范围计算信号的事件相关(去)同步(ERD/ERS),并利用共空间模式和支持向量机分别对单次实验数据的特征值进行提取和分类.对8位被试的试验结果分析表明,被试间的频率范围具有显著的差异,其中4位被试的频率范围含有α波,3位被试含有α波和β波,1位被试的脑电信号在默读汉字时无明显变化.2个汉字默读时的脑电信号可产生相似的ERD/ERS.优化频率范围后针对这2个汉字的平均分类正确率分别提高了2.25%和1.39%.时频分析能更好地显示脑电信号的能量变化率,并能改善语言想像脑机接口的性能.     

基于Matlab/Simulink的脑-机接口系统设计

脑-机接口技术是在人脑与计算机或其它电子设备之间建立的直接的交流和控制通道,它不依赖于脑的正常输出通路(外周神经系统及肌肉组织),是一种全新的对外信息交流和控制方式.利用慢皮层电位进行脑-机接口的设计,建立了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真模型.离线分析结果表明,该方法在分类准确率上有了很大的提高.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池:光伏领域的新希望

2013年6月以来,一种基于有机/无机复合钙钛矿材料的全新太阳能电池引起人们的极大关注,相关工作被期刊Science评为2013年度国际十大科技进展之一.这种新型全固态平面型太阳能电池已经展现出大于15%的高转换效率、液/气相等简单制备工艺和极低的加工成本等优点,极有可能在短期内把转换效率提高到20%以上,呈现出一片光明的前景,有可能对整个太阳能科学与技术行业以及人类经济和社会生活产生巨大的影响.本文结合我们最近的初步研究工作,就有机卤化物钙钛矿电池的发展历程、工作原理、制备工艺等几方面的代表性研究成果做了系统性总结,尤其是就目前有待解决的关键科学问题、未来发展方向等进行了讨论和展望,点明了可能采取的技术路径,有助于我国研究者抓住机遇,迅速跟上国际上太阳能电池与材料研究的前进步伐,为中国的绿色清洁能源的发展与生存环境的改善做出应有的贡献.     

SiCp—ZA22复合材料的结构与性能

研究了ＳｉＣｐ－ＺＡ２２复合材料的组织、界面关系及材料的常高温力学性能。结果表明,ＳｉＣ较均匀地分布于基体中,ＳｉＣ颗粒与基体结合良好且在ａ－Ａｌ界面上形成了少量Ａｌ２ＭｇＯ４过渡层;加入ＳｉＣ颗粒可明显提高材料的强度和弹性模量且高温下表现出较好的力学稳定性。     

BN与TiNi系合金熔体的界面反应

以高纯氮化硼（BN）作为坩埚材料,对其应用于TiNi系合金熔炼时的界面反应进行研究.研究BN在不同温度下（1 450 ℃,1 520 ℃）,保持一定时间（90s,180 s,270 s,360 s）与TiNi系合金熔体的相互作用情况,得到了不同反应时间、反应温度下的界面层,并用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy, SEM）、X射线衍射（X ray diffraction, XRD）和电子探针显微分析(electron probe microanalysis, EPMA)对界面进行形貌、物相和成分的分析,对反应机理作了讨论.研究结果表明,BN与熔体作用的产物在试验条件下不与熔体继续反应,从而保护了熔体不受到进一步污染.     

食品双螺杆挤压机GUI操作界面的设计

通过3K要因实验设计进行实验,对实验数据用MATLAB语言编程处理,得到食品双螺杆挤压机的螺杆转速和机头温度与挤压机流量和产品比容之间的数学模型,并根据该数学模型设计出GUI图形用户界面,可以方便地实现对挤压机产量和产品膨化效果的预测,指导生产实践.     

A novel diffusion model considering curvature radius at the bonding interface in a titanium/steel explosive clad plate

This article introduces an element diffusion behavior model for a titanium/steel explosive clad plate characterized by a typical curved interface during the heat-treatment process. A series of heat-treatment experiments were conducted in the temperature range from 750℃ to 950℃, and the effects of heat-treatment parameters on the microstructural evolution and diffusion behavior were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron-probe microanalysis. Carbon atoms within the steel matrix were observed to diffuse toward the titanium matrix and to aggregate at the bonding interface at 850℃ or lower; in contrast, when the temperature exceeded 850℃, the mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe occurred, along with the diffusion of C atoms, resulting in the formation of Ti–Fe intermetallics (Fe₂Ti/FeTi). The diffusion distances of C, Ti, and Fe atoms increased with increasing heating temperature and/or holding time. On the basis of this diffusion behavior, a novel diffusion model was proposed. This model considers the effects of various factors, including the curvature radius of the curved interface, the diffusion coefficient, the heating temperature, and the holding time. The experimental results show good agreement with the calculated values. The proposed model could clearly provide a general prediction of the elements’ diffusion at both straight and curved interfaces.     

用多通道特征组合和SVM单次提取诱发脑电信号

以“模拟人类自然阅读诱发模式”产生的诱发脑电信号作为载体,利用脑一机接口这种新颖的人-机交互方式构建一种脑控拼写装置．在这种实时通信模式中,不能采用认知科学实验及临床中的常规相干平均方法来提取诱发电位,而必须实现特征信号的单次识别．对来自四个通道的各种信号成分进行特征组合,利用支持向量机分类器对一名被试者脑电信号中的载波成分进行了单次提取,最佳特征组合的平均正确识别率为98．8％,证明了诱发模式的先进性和系统实现的可行性．     

基于多尺度广义自洽模型对耐火材料损伤过程的模拟

基于材料在受拉和受压状态下损伤机理不同的假设,在恒温条件下,以细观力学以及多尺度广义自洽模型为手段,分别对耐火材料在两种受载状态下的损伤过程进行了研究,提出了一种模拟耐火材料在承受拉压载荷下非线性损伤行为的方法.以镁碳质耐火材料为例,分别对材料在受到拉力和受到压力过程的损伤进行了模拟.结果表明,运用此方法对耐火材料的非线性力学行为进行模拟与试验结果能够较好的吻合.