左脑是计算的,右脑是几何的吗?——关于R·斯佩里“裂脑”研究引发的两个观点的质疑

数学认知不仅涉及认知神经科学研究,而且也关乎知识论的辨护。自R.斯佩里开展裂脑研究以来,关于人类大脑左半球是计算的(或数学的),右半球是几何的(或非数学的)的观点,似乎成为一种定论。然而,随着认知神经科学的充分发展和脑成像技术的广泛运用,人们愈来愈清楚地看到,这种划分和判断过于简单化了,同时缺乏可靠的实证材料的支撑,同时在一些概念上混淆不清。为此,依据最新的实验报告加以诠释,并从知识论的高度进行辨析,显然是十分必要的。     

Using Quantum Associative Memory to Simulate the Brain Functions

To simulate the brain functions, a quantum associative memory combined with information preprocessing by a sparse coding model is presented. The sparse coding scheme is used to simulate the information transformation from retina up to primary visual cortex (V1) along the visual path and the quantum associative memory is used to simulate the pattern processing functions of the brain such as the pattern storing, forgetting and retrieving. Experimental results show that the model exhibits good associative ability on face recognition. Considering the huge storage capacity, mass parailel-distributed processing ability and oscillatory phenomena of the quantum system, this model might he a biological plausible implementation.     

深度脑刺激的精确闭环去同步控制

深度脑刺激(DBS)是治疗帕金森症和癫痫等神经疾病的有效方法之一.针对其开环控制的缺点,以MorrisLecar神经元为节点模拟病态同步神经元网络,提出了基于H∞变论域模糊的DBS闭环控制方法,实现了神经元网络的精确去同步控制.采用变论域模糊逼近神经元非线性动态和H∞抑制逼近误差,利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明控制算法的稳定性并进行了仿真分析.仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性及鲁棒性,该方法可作为由病态同步引起的神经疾病的一种潜在电刺激治疗方案.     

BNCT物理剂量Monte Carlo程序系统——MCDB及算法

硼中子俘获治疗(BNCT,boron neutron capture therapy)规划软件系统MCDB(Monte Carlo dosimetry inbrain),包括医学前处理、Monte Carlo物理剂量计算和后处理。采用中心点方法确定网格的材料和密度,并自动生成Monte Carlo输入文件。MCDB借鉴并发展了一套网格几何下的快速粒子径迹算法,取得了与MCNP程序一致的剂量计算结果,计算速度较MCNP程序提高2.7~3.5倍。MCDB可进行并行计算,具有线性加速比,能够满足BNCT临床对计算时间和精度的要求。     

新生期注射谷氨酸单钠对大鼠其脑钙结合素表达的影响

为探讨谷氨酸单钠（monosodium glutamate,MSG）对脑钙结合素（calbindin-28kD,CB）表达的影响，选用新生SD大鼠29只，分为实验组和对照组，实验组设3g/kg和1g/kg2个剂量组，生后第3－9天经腹腔注射MSG，对照组设实验对照（注射生理盐水12mL/kg）和空白对照，满10周龄时4％甲醛灌注固定，取脑做冰冻冠状切片进行钙结合素的免疫组化反应。计算各组大鼠丘脑、下丘脑、海马及大脑基底核算脑区钙结合素阳性神经元数量。发现钙结合素能神经元分布数量具有脑区差异，且新生期注射谷氨酸单钠可使成年后某些核团的钙结合素阳性神经元增多，表明钙纱能神经元可抗谷氨酸神经毒性。     

脑活动的自组织特征研究

大脑的活动规律是神经科学研究的重点和难点之一，揭示脑的工作原理将有助于真正发现自我，大脑是一个高度的自组织系统，其活动有许多固有特征，相应有许多生物物理解释模型，从不同方面刻画了脑功能，建立一个自组织模型，分析表明该模型可以从神经元活动的共性上来解译脑活动的某些一般规律。     

Construction of human and mouse brain cDNA libraries and isolation of full-length cDNAs

cDNA libraries from aborted human 3-month fetal brain,adult rat and mouse brain were constructed by using a yZAP express cDNA library construction kin.Low molecular weight fragments of the second strand cDNASA were removed by flowing through the Sepharose CL-4B column and the frractionated long,Middle,Short fragments and the combined fragments weire respectively inserted into clone vectors to construct the cDNA libraries of the brain of human 3-month fetus.The 5'ends of 1200 clones from each of human fetal brain cDNA libraries were sequenced.A total of 894 ESTs were obtained and some full-length clones were squenced.By andalyaing the se-quences,12 novel full-length cDNAs were obtained.     

Human slow wave sleep: A review and appraisal of recent findings,with implications for sleep functions,and psychiatric illness

Recent findings concerning human slow wave sleep (hSWS-stages 3+4; delta EEG activity) are critically reviewed. Areas covered include the significance of the first hSWS cycle; hSWS in extended sleep; relationship between hSWS, prior wakefulness and sleep loss; hSWS influence on sleep length; problems with hSWS deprivation; influence of the circadian rhythm; individual differences in hSWS, especially, age, gender and constitutional variables such as physical fitness and body composition. Transient increases in hSWS can be produced by increasing both the quality and quantity of prior wakefulness, with an underlying mechanism perhaps relating to the waking level of brain metabolism. Whilst there may also be thermoregulatory influences on hSWS, hypotheses that energy conservation and brain cooling are major roles for hSWS are debatable. hSWS seems to offer some form of cerebral recovery, with the prefrontal cortex being particularly implicated. The hSWS characteristics of certain forms of major psychiatric disorders may well endorse this prefrontal link.     

重组人脑钠素在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化与鉴定

人脑钠素(hBNP,humanbrainnatriureticpeptide)是心室分泌的由32个氨基酸组成的多肽激素.临床研究表明,hBNP是治疗充血型心衰竭的一种安全有效的多肽药物.化学合成脑钠素全基因,以pET32a为表达载体,构建了硫氧还蛋白-脑钠素(thioredoxin＿hBNP)融合蛋白表达质粒,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,融合蛋白的表达量占全菌蛋白量的25%以上.融合蛋白经肠激酶裂解、Zn＿Sepharose亲和层析和C4反相高效液相层析,从每升培养液中可获取4mgrhBNP,纯度达到95%.经质谱测定,rhBNP样品的分子量为3464Da.体外活性测定结果表明,rhBNP样品对兔胸主动脉条具有显著的血管舒张效应,其ED50为(2.24±0 58)×10-6mg/mL.