家鸽顶盖脑片中Ⅱ g—j亚层神经元对乙酰胆碱的反应

在家鸽的离体顶盖脑片上，用玻璃微电极记录了顶盖Ⅱg-j亚层神经元对灌流乙酰胆碱所产生的反应，结果如下：在顶盖IIg-j亚层记录到66个神经元的自发放电，根据其放电特征，将它们分为3种形式：单个放电，丛状放电和连续放电，其中的46个神经元单位中有34个（34／46）对 酰胆碱产生自发放电增频反应；4个单位（4／46）的自发放电被乙酰胆碱抑制；8个单位（8／46）对乙酰胆碱无反应，在20个对乙酰胆碱产生增频反应的神经元单位中，有14个单位（14／20）的自发放电被阿托品所抑制，乙酰胆碱和阿托品的作用还具有可逆性的重复性，以上结果提示：在家鸽顶盖IIg-j亚层中可能有胆碱能纤维到达并存在乙酰胆碱敏感神经元。     

Cholinergic, monoaminergic and glutamatergic changes following perinatal asphyxia in the rat

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is considered to lead to a variety of brain disorders including spasticity, epilepsy, mental retardation, and minimal brain disorder syndromes and may form the basis for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases later in life. We examined markers for neuronal transmission involved in the pathomechanisms of PA and candidates as mediators for long-term sequelae. We tested tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) representing the monoaminergic system, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), a neuronal subtype of the glutamate transporter, using immunohistochemistry on brain sections of rats subjected to graded PA. Three months following the asphyxiant insult immunoreactive (IR)-TH was decreased in striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum; IR-VMAT was increased, and IR-VAChT was decreased in striatum. IR-EAAC1 glutamate transporter was increased in frontal cortex. The cholinergic, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic changes, still observed 3 months after the asphyxiant insult, may reflect their involvement in the pathomechanisms of PA and indicate mechanisms leading to long-term complications of PA. The variable consequences on the individual markers in several brain regions may be explained by specific susceptibility of cholinergic, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic neurons to the asphyxiant insult. Received 16 March 1999; received after revision 20 May 1999; accepted 8 July 1999     

1,6-二磷酸果糖对缺氧缺血性心、脑损害的保护作用(综述)

1，6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)是存在于一切活细胞内的糖代谢中间产物。细胞缺氧时，外源性FDP可透过细胞膜进入到细胞内直接供能，并可阻止Ca^2 内流，减少氧自由基的产生、稳定细胞膜，及减少细胞凋亡。多数研究认为FDP对缺氧缺血引起的心、脑损伤具有保护作用，但也有不同的观点。因此有必要进一步临床验证，为FDP在这方面的应用提供有价值的理论依据。     

基于图论的分裂型人格障碍多加权脑结构网络研究

基于图论方法分析分裂型人格障碍(SPD)患者与健康对照在脑结构网络局部和全局参数上的差异.根据Brainnetome脑图谱将大脑皮层划分为246个脑区,利用扩散加权图像重建脑白质神经纤维束,构建以神经纤维束条数、密度、长度和优化的密度为加权方式的脑结构网络.计算网络节点参数和全局参数,通过假设检验找出具有显著性差异的脑区.结果发现,SPD患者与健康人的脑结构网络在全局参数上无显著性差异;在节点参数上,6个脑区存在显著性差异;差异脑区在位置上显示出左右脑不对称性,在功能上与认知、情感和感知高度相关.研究结果可为疾病诊断治疗提供重要参考.     

智能交通系统主要技术的发展

 以城市智能交通和智能交通新技术两个角度为重点,盘点了智能交通发展现状,分析了关键技术及其发展状态;探讨了交通大数据平台及其应用、视频技术、分析研判技术、交通控制技术、车路协同技术、城市交通大脑、无感技术等关键技术的未来发展;结合交通强国战略要求,提出了未来智能交通发展的重点方向与建议。     

注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童神经反馈治疗前后 脑电信号相位同步分析

本研究比较theta/beta神经反馈治疗前后ADHD儿童脑电相位同步的改变,分析不同脑区脑电相位耦合情况。研究数据为神经反馈前后16例ADHD儿童和16例健康儿童闭眼静息态脑电,计算theta和beta频段左右半球中心区与各脑区相位同步。研究结果表明,神经反馈治疗后左右半球中心区与前额叶、左颞中叶的theta频段相位同步显著降低,与右半球颞叶的相位同步显著增加;beta频段额叶、中心区、顶叶和枕叶的相位同步性显著增加,左颞中叶相位同步性降低,右颞叶相位同步性增加,并趋向健康儿童水平。神经反馈训练对脑电相位同步有积极的影响,相位同步分析法结合ADHD临床量表将更加充分、准确地评估ADHD神经反馈治疗效果。     

基于时序区分子图的阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断方法

为解决现有区分子图方法在解决阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断上忽略脑网络动态连接变化的问题,提出一种基于时序区分子图的辅助诊断方法.将功能磁共振成像经过处理后形成二值矩阵并使同一测试者的多张动态脑网络形成时序差异图,之后进行频繁差异子图挖掘、频繁差异序列挖掘,进而筛选出保留脑网络时序特性的生物标记物——时序区分子图.获取ADNI公开数据集的一组数据进行实验,通过与现有的早期阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断方法进行大量的实验对比,证明本文方法的辅助诊断准确率在该数据集上提高了12.7%,进而证明所提方法的有效性.     

论营养与智力开发的相关性

本文根据大脑营养学研究近况,论证了营养与智力开发的相关性,并分析了10种营养物质与脑的生理机能的关系.     

Occurrence of retinal and 3-hydroxyretinal in a possible photoreceptor of the silkworm brain involved in photoperiodism

Summary Deficiency of dietary carotenoid and vitamin A caused an absence of photoperiodic response of diapause induction in the silkworm,Bombyx mori, and an addition of vitamin A to the diet restored the response. By high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) a possible photoperiodic receptor of the silkworm brain was found to contain both retinal and 3-hydroxyretinal which are chromophores of insect visual pigments. These pieces of evidence suggest that a retinoid protein might function in the photoperiodic response of the silkworm.     

Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in individual hypothalamic nuclei and other brain areas of rat

Summary Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in individual nuclei of rat hypothalamus and other brain areas using HPLC with electrochemical detection. 5-HIAA levels were first demonstrated in hypothalamic and some discrete brain areas. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was highest in the n. caudatus putamen, high in the n. ventromedialis and lowest in the n. suprachiasmaticus.