Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in individual hypothalamic nuclei and other brain areas of rat

Summary Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in individual nuclei of rat hypothalamus and other brain areas using HPLC with electrochemical detection. 5-HIAA levels were first demonstrated in hypothalamic and some discrete brain areas. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was highest in the n. caudatus putamen, high in the n. ventromedialis and lowest in the n. suprachiasmaticus.     

A relevant in vitro rat model for the evaluation of blood-brain barrier translocation of nanoparticles

Poly(MePEG₂₀₀₀cyanoacrylate-co-hexadecylcyanoacrylate) (PEG-PHDCA) nanoparticles have demonstrated their capacity to reach the rat central nervous system after intravenous injection. For insight into the transport of colloidal systems across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we developed a relevant in vitro rat BBB model consisting of a coculture of rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) and rat astrocytes. The RBECs used in our model displayed and retained structural characteristics of brain endothelial cells, such as expression of P-glycoprotein, occludin and ZO-1, and immunofluorescence studies showed the specific localization of occludin and ZO1. The high values of transendothelial electrical resistance and low permeability coefficients of marker molecules demonstrated the functionality of this model. The comparative passage of polyhexadecylcyanoacrylate and PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles through this model was investigated, showing a higher passage of PEGylated nanoparticles, presumably by endocytosis. This result was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Thanks to a good in vitro/in vivo correlation, this rat BBB model will help in understanding the mechanisms of nanoparticle translocation and in designing new types of colloidal carriers as brain delivery systems.Received 4 March 2005; accepted 14 April 2005     

Copper and zinc dismetabolism in the mouse brain upon chronic cuprizone treatment

Recent reports describe successful treatment using copper chelation therapy in neurodegenerative animal models. However, the success claimed for chelation therapy in neurodegenerative diseases is still rather controversial. To acquire new information on copper metabolism/homeostasis, we utilized cuprizone, a very sensitive and selective copper-chelating agent with well-known neurotoxic properties, as a relevant chemical model in mice. Upon cuprizone treatment, mice developed a pronounced astrocytosis, with brain oedema and spongiosis characterised by vacuolisations of the neuropil predominantly in the white matter. In addition, cuprizone treatment severely altered copper and zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in all other tissues examined, with increasing metal ion concentrations particularly in the CNS. Concomitant with this increase in the Cu and Zn concentration in the brain, metallothionein-I and -II were also highly immunoreactive in astrocyte, consistent with the astrocytosis and demyelination observed in our and other laboratories.Received 23 February 2005; received after revision 3 May 2005; accepted 13 May 2005     

关于形成创新方案的模式探讨

提出了在组织内部形成创新方案的模式,即组织要在内部组建创新团队,并为团队提供“安全空间”和“新空间”,使创新团队能够从技术、个人、组织等3个角度,研究并提出创新方案,然后,综合基于3个角度创新方案的优点,形成综合最佳方案。     

一种新的脑白质分割方法

基于扩散张量成像提出一种新的脑白质分割方法.首先,计算扩散张量成像的各向异性参数和扩散参数,并得到各个参数下的脑部图像;然后,通过期望值最大化(expectation maximization,EM)模型求得各个各向异性参数图像的脑白质和非脑白质区域;最后,通过STAPLE(simultaneous truth and performancel evel estimation)模型融合各个DTI参数图像分割结果,得到脑白质分割结果.实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的分割效果,能有效地从脑组织中分割出脑白质.     

不同类型运动对肥胖儿童脑功能变化特征研究

研究不同类型运动对肥胖儿童脑功能变化特征的影响。将某地某健康减肥夏令营的儿童学员作为研究对象,选择30个中重度肥胖儿童,随机将其分成有氧运动组、抗阻运动组和安静组,给出各种指标及有氧运动、抗阻运动的实施方法;结果:针对体重、BMI、3处皮脂厚度和脂肪百分量,有氧运动组和抗阻运动组均非常显著低于安静组(P0.01),有氧运动组与抗阻运动组相比无显著差异;有氧运动组和抗阻运动组肥胖儿童的脂肪含量显著低于安静组(P0.05),有氧运动组和抗阻运动组之间无显著差异;有氧运动组和抗阻运动组肥胖儿童的阅读速度和IMC值均显著高于安静组(P0.05),错误率低于安静组。有氧运动组和抗阻运动组之间无显著差异。和安静组相比,有氧运动组和抗阻运动组肥胖儿童认知功能测试指标均更优,其中,总应答数、完成分类数、正确率、概念化水平差异具有非常显著性(P0.01);错误应答数、持续应答数、持续错误数差异具有显著性(P0.05),其他指标无显著性差异,有氧运动组和抗阻运动组之间无显著差异;和安静组相比,有氧运动组与抗阻运动组额叶NAA、Cr、Cho水平更高,且具有非常显著差异(P0.01);NA A/Cr和Cho/Cr水平高于安静组,但无显著差异,有氧运动组和抗阻运动组之间无显著差异。有氧运动和抗阻运动能够改善肥胖儿童的身体状况、注意集中能力、认知与行为功能,对脑部额叶代谢下降的逆转起到积极的影响,两种类型运动无显著差异。     

小白鼠部分器官中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）分布特异性的探讨

本文证实了乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）在小白鼠部分器官中的分布特异性.指出了乳酸脱氢酶五种同工酶在小白鼠的心肌、骨骼肌、肾脏、脑和肝脏中均存在，并且在心肌、脑和肾脏中LDH-1（H4）占优势;而在骨骼肌和肝脏中以LDH-5（M4）占优势;分别与各自的生理功能相适应.     

基于功率谱熵特征提取的脑电波大脑年龄预测

 大脑会随着年龄的增加而出现功能衰退，通过决策实验获取年轻人和中老年人的脑电信号，可以定量分析大脑随年龄增长而出现的变化。提出了一种基于熵的脑电波刻画方法，并利用机器学习的方法能够比较准确地预测人的大脑年龄。研究表明，脑电波功率谱熵（PSE）具有良好的时域分辨能力和更准确的区分效果，年轻人在做决策时的脑电波功率谱熵的分布是大于中老年人的，即年轻人所产生的脑电波信息量更大。此外，支持向量机（SVM）的分类效果优于随机森林（RF）方法，最高平均精度达88.02%，比随机森林高出2.66%。通过基尼指数对特征重要性排序，还发现决策过程中左眼电区域、大脑的颞和中央区域的决策反应差异很大，分类器更容易在这些特征区域做出更好的分类。     

颅脑外伤所致精神异常的CT诊断及临床意义

目的探讨颅脑外伤所致精神障碍患者的CT诊断及临床意。方法回顾性分析2010年9月至2012年9月在佛山市第三人民医院就诊的86例颅脑外伤所致精神病患者的临床资料,分析颅脑CT检查结果以及病变部位。结果脑外伤所致精神病患者其脑部CT出现异常的机率86%,脑组织病变类型以脑萎缩、脑软化、脑积水、硬膜下积液、脑水肿较多见,病变部位主要以颞叶、额叶、基底节、枕(顶)叶、脑皮质、脑髓质或多部位病变常见。结论各脑叶损伤部位与精神障碍的出现密切相关,因此对颅脑外伤患者进行必要CT检查,为临床医生及时积极的综合治疗伴发的精神障碍,改善颅受损的恢复。