小尺寸金属系统电导率的计算

运用量子统计要函数方法和久保公式分别计算一维金属线、二维金属薄膜的杂质散射电导率,计算结果表 尺寸金属系统的电导率跟金属系统上有关,具有量子尺寸效应。     

Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health

Most air pollutants do not lead to specific diseases. Depending on the pollutant, the concentration and the duration of exposure, some organs are more affected than others. The most frequent disorders are those caused by irritant gases and particulates on the mucous membranes and respiratory organs. The consequences are eye, nose and throat inflammations, diminished lung function, increased susceptability to respiratory infection and a higher incidence of chronic bronchitis. These disorders and diseases are, of course, influenced by other factors as well, such as immune deficiency, allergies, occupational exposure to pollutants, and particularly smoking. The effects of air pollutants are, therefore, multifactorially conditioned and nonspecific disorders are placed in the foreground. Evidence for an association of air pollution with adverse effects on human health is drawn from three sources: animal experiments, experimental human exposures, and epidemiologic studies of exposed human populations. The burden of atmospheric pollution must be reduced to protect human health by an adequate safety margin. In particular, the increased sensitivity of sick and aged people as well as children should be taken into account. In defining the maximum emmission levels, preventive aspects should have priority so as to keep the risk of damage to health and the harmful influences on the environment to a minimum.This article Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health by H. U. Wanner is a revised version of the same article that was first published in the Proceedings of the 1990 European Aerosol Conference; special issue of the J. Aerosol Sci., Vol. 21, Suppl. 1 (1990) 389–396.Reprinted with kind permission from Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, Great Britain.     

Ecological long-term effects of cultigens becoming feral and of naturalization of non-native species

Transgenic cultigens may become feral as we know of some non-transgenic cultigens. The article explains two basic ways how cultigens become feral: through hybridization with a closely related wild plant and through revert to the wild-type. A long list of examples of cultigens becoming feral in Central Europe is presented. The process of becoming feral is compared to the naturalization of non-native species (Exotic Species Model). Ecological long-term effects of both cultigens becoming feral and non-native species being naturalized are discussed with special regard to the predictability of such events. The ecological aspects discussed in the article are as significant for transgenic cultigens as for non-transgenic cultigens.     

Triphasic vascular effects of thiol compounds and their oxidized forms on dog coronary arteries

The vascular effects of 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine, L-cysteine, glutathione (GSH), cystamine and oxidized GSH (GSSG) on the isometric tension of isolated dog coronary arterial strips were examined, and these effects were compared with the triphasic response induced by dithiothreitol (DTT); a rapid and weak contraction (phase A), an intervening slow relaxation (phase B) and a slowly-developing strong contraction (phase C) which we previously reported. The responses of the arteries induced by 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine and L-cysteine consisted of phases A, B and C. The order of contractile potency (ED₅₀ of phase C) was DTTL-cysteine>2-mercaptoethanolcysteamine, while the order of relaxant potency (ED₅₀ of phase B) was DTT>cysteamine2-mercaptoethanol. GSSG and cystamine mainly produced relaxation, which corresponded to phase B. The phase C contraction was specific to the reduced forms of thiols, except for GSH, which produced only relaxation. The participation of endothelial cells was not essential for the contracting or relaxing effects of the thiol compounds. The phase C contraction was depressed by W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, while phase A was not. Therefore calmodulin-dependent protein kinases may participate in phase C, not in phase A.     

设置扇形边界死区的电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制

利用电压型PWM整流器的数学模型分析了PWM整流器直接功率控制(DPC)的原理,讨论了功率滞环比较器环宽对PWM整流器的影响.为了降低开关频率和减少开关损失,增加功率滞环比较器环宽则引起瞬时有功功率和直流电压波动现象;提出了设置扇形边界死区的控制策略,减少扇形边界误选开关量现象,使瞬时有功功率和直流电压波形趋于平稳.通过Simulink环境下仿真模型的仿真,证明了该策略的可行性.     

微极流体润滑条件下能量方程的推导及应用

为考察微极流体的热流体动力润滑特性,根据微极流体的基本理论和能量守恒与转换定律,推导了微极流体的能量方程;依据其润滑条件假设,得出了润滑条件下微极流体的能量方程的简化形式.以有限长滑动轴承为例,将所推导的能量方程与微极流体的雷诺方程和轴瓦热传导方程联立进行数值求解,得到油膜及轴瓦的温度分布.结果表明:采用微极性流体润滑,其油膜及轴瓦的温度均比采用牛顿流体有所升高,流体的微极性越强,温度升高越明显.     

客家文化经济的开发与创新--兼论海峡西岸经济区发展中的闽粤赣边区域合作

闽粤赣边区域合作中客家文化是最具优势的重要条件。文化经济是一种新型的经济形式，客家文化经济也是三地合作发展的重要形式，具有人力资本型、低耗高效的绿色型、扩展型的经济特性。客家文化经济具有丰富的有形资源和无形资源，开发与创新客家文化经济，有利于推动海峡西岸经济区发展中闽粤赣边的区域合作。     

邻苯二甲酸酯对海洋藻类的致毒效应

采用评价化学药品对藻类毒性的标准方法，对邻苯二甲酸醋与海洋藻类的相互影响进行探讨．通过对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙醋(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁醋(DBP)海洋藻类的致毒试验，分别得出此3种物质对三角褐指藻、盐藻、等边金藻、中肋骨条藻48h、96h的半致死浓度，探讨了上述几种海洋藻类对DMP、DEP、DBP的忍受限度．     

考虑端部效应的铁磁梁式板磁力摄动分析

基于磁场摄动技术和广义变分原理得到的磁力公式,对铁磁梁式板在斜磁场作用下的磁场和磁力摄动展开研究,给出了斜磁场作用下铁磁梁式板结构的摄动磁场及其磁力摄动表达式,使得解析分析斜磁场作用下铁磁梁式板磁弹性耦合问题成为可能。研究表明:只有考虑了磁场端部效应的斜磁场磁力摄动公式才能模拟铁磁结构的弯曲模式且能够定性揭示铁磁简支梁式板弯曲构形为双半波形。     

湘鄂渝黔边区域经济协同发展研究

多省毗邻的交界地域往往表现为经济的欠发达性、不协调性和不可持续性。应该走区域经济协同发展的道路，资源共享，获得成本优势；市场互利，做大产品市场；环境共治，实现可持续发展；提高区域整体实力，实现全局共赢。共享性、外部性、互补性、公共性是边区区域经济协同发展的路径选择，据此，区域经济协同发展要制订出相应对策。