Genistein inhibits human TNF-α-induced porcine endothelial cell adhesiveness for human monocytes and natural killer cells

Cellular immune response is a major barrier to xenotransplantation. Human tumor necrosis factor-α (hTNF-α) possesses cross-species activity and directly amplifies the immune rejection via the upregulation of adhesion molecules on porcine endothelium. We investigated the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the induction of expression of E-sclectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and the augmentation of adhesion of human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo) and natural killer cells (PBNK), after rhTNF-α-stimulation of porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) in vitro, rhTNF-α-increased adhesiveness of PAEC for both PBMo and PBNK was dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment of PAEC with the selective protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein. The inhibitory effect occurred at the early time of PAEC activation triggered by rhTNF-α, and was completely reversible. PTK activity assay indicated that genistein also suppressed rhTNF-α stimulated activation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in PAEC in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that genistein inhibited the upregulation of E-selectin and VCAM-1 by rhTNF-α. These results suggest that PTKs may regulate the expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 on PAEC and the adherence of PBMo and PBNK induced by rhTNF-α. Moreover, dietary genistein, used as an adhesion antagonist, may contribute to managing the cell-mediated rejection in the clinical application.     

Assessment of blood and oxygen delivery to flaps of rhesus using near infrared steady-state spectroscopy

Near infrared spectroscopy has been considered as a potentially ideal noninvasive technique for the postoperative monitoring of plastic surgery. In this study, 6 flaps were raised on rhesus monkeys' forearms. Blood and oxygen delivery to these flaps was monitored following vascular occlusions and inhalation of pure oxygen. Optical fibers were adopted in the probe of the oximeter so that the cutaneous detection could be performed in reflectance mode. Different and repeatable patterns of changes were measured following vascular occlusions on flaps. It is clear that the near infrared spectroscopy is capable of postoperatively monitoring vascular problems in flaps, especially the venous problem. Near infrared spectroscopy showed high sensitivity to detect the dynamic changes in flaps induced by inhalation of pure oxygen in this study. The experimental results indicated that it was potential to assess tissue viability utilizing the dynamic changes induced by some noninvasive stimulation (such as inhaling pure oxygen). It may be a new assessing method that is rapid, little influenced by other factors and less inconvenient to patients.     

海嘧啶抗肿瘤作用机制的研究

研究了海嘧啶抗肿瘤作用的机制,观察了海嘧啶对荷瘤小鼠红细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞的功能以及对红细胞膜及肿瘤细胞膜上唾液酸的含量的影响.结果表明海嘧啶可以提高荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤免疫功能,提高红细胞膜上唾液酸的含量,而使肿瘤细胞上的唾液酸含量降低.这可能其抗肿瘤作用的机制之一.     

灯盏花素葡萄糖注射液的药效学研究

目的验证灯盏花素葡萄糖注射液的临床前药效学作用;方法选择不同的药理学指标对灯盏花素葡萄糖注射液的药效学作用进行评价;结果灯盏花素葡萄糖注射液对实验性大鼠急性脑缺血具有显著的保护作用,可使大鼠血液中纤维蛋白溶解酶活性明显增加,对大鼠血液血栓形成具有明显的抑制作用,可使小鼠血液凝血时间显著性延长,对小鼠肠系膜微循环具有明显的改善作用,具有明显抑制血小板聚集的功能,亦可显著性降低家兔脑血管阻力,改善脑循环;结论试验结果证明了灯盏花素葡萄糖注射液具有良好的活血化瘀作用,对改善脑血循环、增加脑血流量、降低脑血管阻力、急性脑缺血改善、增加血液纤溶酶活性、防治血液血栓形成等功效显著;讨论研究结果与文献相关报道基本一致,为其临床广泛应用提供了有力的科学依据.     

榆黄蘑对小鼠血乳酸,血尿素,乳酸脱氢酶影响的实验研究

以小鼠为实验材料，研究榆黄蘑发酵液对血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、血尿素（ＢＵＮ）的影响。结果表明，与对照组比较，服用榆黄蘑发酵液２５ｄ的小鼠剧烈运动停止后５０ｍｉｎ，血乳酸含量降低３２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；乳酸在血液中的清除速率提高１９．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血清ＬＤＨ活性提高１１．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＢＵＮ增量降低６５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。实验结果提示榆黄蘑有较好的抗疲劳作用。     

白鹭，夜鹭，池鹭，牛背鹭及黄嘴白鹭血液成分的测定

本文报导了白鹭（Little Egret)，夜鹭（Black-crowne Night-Heron),牛背鹭（Cattle Egret)，池鹭（Chinese Pond Heron)，黄嘴白鹭（Chinese Egret)五种鹭科幼鸟二十项血液常规指标的测定结果，其中包括血液固体结构，蛋白质，脂类，血糖及酶活力等并对五路鹭科酶鸟的血化指标测定结果进行了初步的比较和分析，结果显示五种鹭科幼鸟的红细胞数和血红蛋白含量较低，在白细胞分类比例中，淋巴细胞所占比例普通偏高，而嗜酸性粒细胞和碱性粒细胞所占比例普通遍低t检验结果，牛背鹭和池鹭在血化指标大有很大的差异。     

川芎丹参对肾上腺素所致血瘀大鼠模型某些血液流变性的影响

利用肾上腺素（浓度０．１％，０．１５ｍｌ／只）促成急性血瘀模型，分别用川芎、丹参两味中药预防性治疗，观察大鼠的体外血栓、红细胞变形能力、血小板聚集性的变化，探讨活血化瘀药物的作用机理．结果表明：两味中药对大鼠血瘀模型的体外血栓、红细胞变形能力均有明显的改善作用，而对血小板聚集性未见有影响．     

猪血蛋白源利用初探

1.采用动物酶一次性水解猪全血与干血粉获得含17种氨基酸的水解物,蛋白质含量达83.33%。对该水解物进行了氨氮、总氮、蛋白质含量、氨基酸组成的一系列分析。以水解物连续饲养小白鼠30天,未见毒性,分析饲喂30天后的小白鼠血浆蛋白及 SH 含量,发现血清蛋白含量增长,SH 含量未见变化.30天后肝组织重量及指数不变,解剖观察小白鼠也未见病变.进一步说明水解物无毒性,唯免疫器官脾脏增大21%,最后以1%浓度水解物添加普通酱油,结果提高氨氮32.43%.2.对比研究了硫酸水解猪血粉提制复合氨基酸工艺,又研究了猪血蛋白质水解液用石灰乳脱酸制备复合 L—氨基酸的方法。     

黄瓜病虫害诊断专家系统知识组织的研究与设计

针对黄瓜病虫害的特点和特征描述,利用产生式-特征表结合的表达方式、模糊逻辑和可能性理论,对黄瓜病虫害诊断的知识组织进行研究,解决了黄瓜病虫害诊断过程中的症状表现的偶然性和差异性。该研究对于开发一系列的蔬菜病虫害诊断专家系统有很好的应用和参考价值。图1,表1,参10。     

The staphylocoagulase family of zymogen activator and adhesion proteins

Staphylocoagulase (SC) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus is a potent non-proteolytic activator of the blood coagulation zymogen prothrombin and the prototype of a newly established zymogen activator and adhesion protein (ZAAP) family. The conformationally activated SC·prothrombin complex specifically cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin, which propagates the growth of bacteria-fibrin-platelet vegetations in acute bacterial endocarditis. Our recent 2.2 Å X-ray crystal structures of an active SC fragment [SC(1-325)] bound to the prothrombin zymogen catalytic domain, prethrombin 2, demonstrated that SC(1-325) represents a new type of non-proteolytic activator with a unique fold. The observed insertion of the SC(1-325) N-terminus into the Ile 16 cleft of prethrombin 2, which triggers the activating conformational change, provided the first unambiguous structural evidence for the molecular sexuality mechanism of non-proteolytic zymogen activation. Based on the SC(1-325) fold, a new family of bifunctional zymogen activator and adhesion proteins was identified that possess N-terminal domains homologous to SC(1-325) and C-terminal domains that mediate adhesion to plasma or extracellular matrix proteins. Further investigation of the ZAAP family may lead to new insights into the mechanisms of bacterial factors that hijack zymogens of the human blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems to promote and disseminate endocarditis and other infectious diseases.Received 30 June 2004; received after revision 28 July 2004; accepted 4 August 2004