退火温度对Ag-MgF2 颗粒膜结构和内应力的影响

报道用电子薄膜应力分布测试仪测量退火温度对Ag-MgF2复合颗粒薄膜内应力的影响,结果表明,退火温度在400℃,薄膜平均应力最小,应力分布比较均匀.XRD分析表明,Ag-MgF2复合颗粒薄膜的内应力主要来自Ag晶粒的生长过程,当Ag的晶格常数接近块体时(400℃温度退火60分钟),Ag-MgF2薄膜内应力最小.     

高速单颗磨粒磨削机理的研究

进行了单颗磨粒高速磨削45钢、20Cr钢和典型难磨材料钛合金TC4和GH4169高温合金的试验·试验结果表明,对于45钢和20Cr钢,高速条件下单颗磨粒磨削的比磨削能显著低于比熔化能·发现了国外一些学者提出的钢铁材料的最低比磨削能约束于材料比熔化能假设的例外·高速磨削四种材料均表现出尺寸效应·采用高速磨削,对改善磨粒的切削状态,降低比磨削能是非常有利的·在磨削钛合金TC4和高温合金GH4169时,易发生金属粘附·锆刚玉磨削钛合金TC4比磨削高温合金GH4169的粘附严重·高速下金属粘附作用减轻·     

Mechanism of hot-rolling crack formation in lean duplex stainless steel 2101

The thermoplasticity of duplex stainless steel 2205 (DSS2205) is better than that of lean duplex steel 2101 (LDX2101), which undergoes severe cracking during hot rolling. The microstructure, microhardness, phase ratio, and recrystallization dependence of the deformation compatibility of LDX2101 and DSS2205 were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), Thermo-Calc software, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the phase-ratio transformations of LDX2101 and DSS2205 were almost equal under the condition of increasing solution temperature. Thus, the phase transformation was not the main cause for the hot plasticity difference of these two steels. The grain size of LDX2101 was substantially greater than that of DSS2205, and the microhardness difference of LDX2101 was larger than that of DSS2205. This difference hinders the transfer of strain from ferrite to austenite. In the rolling process, the ferrite grains of LDX2101 underwent continuous softening and were substantially refined. However, although little recrystallization occurred at the boundaries of austenite, serious deformation accumulated in the interior of austenite, leading to a substantial increase in hardness. The main cause of crack formation is the microhardness difference between ferrite and austenite.     

Microstructure simulation of rapidly solidified ASP30 high-speed steel particles by gas atomization

In this study, the microstructure evolution of rapidly solidified ASP30 high-speed steel particles was predicted using a simulation method based on the cellular automaton-finite element (CAFE) model. The dendritic growth kinetics, in view of the characteristics of ASP30 steel, were calculated and combined with macro heat transfer calculations by user-defined functions (UDFs) to simulate the microstructure of gas-atomized particles. The relationship among particle diameter, undercooling, and the convection heat transfer coefficient was also investigated to provide cooling conditions for simulations. The simulated results indicated that a columnar grain microstructure was observed in small particles, whereas an equiaxed microstructure was observed in large particles. In addition, the morphologies and microstructures of gas-atomized ASP30 steel particles were also investigated experimentally using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that four major types of microstructures were formed: dendritic, equiaxed, mixed, and multi-droplet microstructures. The simulated results and the available experimental data are in good agreement.     

Effects of normal stress,surface roughness,and initial grain size on the microstructure of copper subjected to platen friction sliding deformation

The effects of applied normal stress, surface roughness, and initial grain size on the microstructure of pure Cu developed during platen friction sliding deformation (PFSD) processing were investigated. In each case, the deformation microstructure was characterized and the hardness of the treated surface layer was measured to evaluate its strength. The results indicated that the thickness of the deformed layer and the hardness at any depth increased with increasing normal stress. A smaller steel platen surface roughness resulted in less microstructural refinement, whereas the microstructural refinement was enhanced by decreasing the surface roughness of the Cu sample. In the case of a very large initial grain size (d > 10 mm), a sharper transition from fine-grain microstructure to undeformed material was obtained in the treated surface layer after PFSD processing.     

碳化物及合金元素对酸液膜中晶粒腐蚀形态的影响

选用10#钢、65#钢和W6Mo5Cr4V2Al钢为实验材料,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针对其在酸性环境中腐蚀后的晶粒微观形貌和合金元素的分布进行观察分析,考察合金元素和碳化物的存在形式对晶粒腐蚀形态的影响.结果表明,晶粒的腐蚀形貌与碳化物分布有关,钢中碳元素以固溶形式存在或钢中添加Cr,Al元素,可显著提高钢的耐酸蚀性;在以电化学腐蚀为主的酸性环境中,组织中各相电极电位的高低才是晶粒是否易被腐蚀的本质;晶界是否易被腐蚀也主要与晶界处物相的电极电位高低有关.     

晶体相场模拟取向角对晶界湮没过程的影响

【目的】研究大角晶界的位错运动和相互作用,揭示晶界发射位错的内在原因。【方法】采用晶体相场模型模拟不同取向角的晶界位错湮没过程。【结果】晶界湮没有如下主要过程:开始时位错沿晶界攀移,随后晶界发生位错发射,位错运动方式由攀移转化为滑移;位错滑移穿过晶粒内部,在到达对面晶界处发生湮没;其余的晶界位错仍作攀移运动,再次出现晶界发射位错;滑移位错与其它位错在晶内相遇发生湮没。【结论】位错在晶界处湮没,自由能曲线的谷较浅,而在晶粒内部湮没,能量曲线的谷较深;晶界攀移的位错越多,能量曲线的峰越高。     

风速对海岸风沙流中不同粒径沙粒垂向分布的影响

 选择河北昌黎黄金海岸状态自然、规模高大、形态典型的海岸横向沙脊,野外实地观测不同风速下海岸沙丘表面风沙流中不同粒径组沙粒垂向分布的变化。结果表明,随着风速的增大,海岸横向沙脊表面不同粒径组的沙粒在距地表60 cm高度内输沙量的垂向分布呈现出了不同的变化特点,其中粗沙的总输沙量减少,但中沙和细沙增加,在不同高度层内的变化亦不一致;相对输沙量基本呈现为下层减少、中层增加或基本持平、上层减少的变化特点,但各个变化层位的高度不一;垂向分布模式,粗沙转变为典型负幂函数分布,中沙由负幂函数转变为指数函数,细沙则为典型的指数函数布模式。究其原因,主要应与不同风速气流的携沙极限、随风速增大增加了沙粒的搬运高度以及不同粒径组沙粒的主导运动方式有关。     

激光衍射粒度仪在连云港软土颗粒分析中的应用

采用马尔文(Malvern)公司生产的Mastersizer Micro(MAF5000)激光衍射粒度仪测定江苏连云港地区软土的粒度分布,对样品质量浓度、泵速、超声波强度与时间、分散剂选取等控制参数进行了优化设计,确定合适的控制参数,便于对相同类型的软土测量确定标准操作规程.将合适条件下测得的软土粒度分布与传统方法得到的结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,激光粒度仪测量的粒径分布范围较广,采集的数据点比传统方法要密,测量的精度要高于传统方法,因此可以用激光法代替传统方法,以快速准确地测得软土的粒度分布.     

东海陆架表层沉积物的磁性测量及其油气勘探意义

本文通过对东海陆架盆地平湖地区表层沉积物的系统磁性测量和化探指标分析,揭示烃类微渗漏对沉积物磁性特征的影响,探讨磁性测量方法在表层油气勘探中的应用前景。研究表明,平湖地区表层沉积物中主要的磁性矿物为磁铁矿,一般磁性较弱沉积物中磁铁矿晶粒以单畴（ＳＤ）为主,而磁性较强的沉积物中以较烃的假单畴／多畴（ＰＳＤ／ＭＤ）为主,磁性参数与化探数据酸解烃,蚀变碳酸盐存在明显的相关性,表明磁性测量可作为油气勘探的