新型的高岭土漂白剂

采用草酸与五羟基已烯酸内酯的混合试剂对高含量Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的高岭土进行漂白．漂白后的高岭土经过白度、Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量和粘度的测定，以及电镜分析其晶体结构．结果表明，漂白后的高岭土完全满足其作为高级铜版纸的涂料所需要的各项指标的要求．     

Effects of temperature,hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on the bleaching among three coral species

Coral bleaching, which is defined as the loss of colour in corals due to the loss of their symbiotic algae (commonly called zooxanthellae) or pigments or both, is occurring globally at increasing rates, and its harm becomes more and more serious during these two decades. The significance of these bleaching events to the health of coral reef ecosystems is extreme, as bleached corals exhibited high mortality, reduced fecundity and productivity and increased susceptibility to diseases. This decreased coral fitness is easily to lead to reef degradation and ultimately to the breakdown of the coral reef ecosystems. Recently, the reasons leading to coral bleaching are thought to be as follows: too high or too low temperature, excess ultraviolet exposure, heavy metal pollution, cyanide poison and seasonal cycle. To date there has been little knowledge of whether mariculture can result in coral bleaching and which substance has the worst effect on corals. And no research was conducted on the effect of hypoxia on corals. To address these questions, effects of tem- perature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on bleaching of three coral species were studied through examination of morphology and the measurement of the number of symbiotic algae of three coral species Acropora nobilis, Palythoa sp. and Alveopora verrilliana. Results showed that increase in temperature and decrease in dissolved oxygen could lead to increasing number of symbiotic algae and more serious bleaching. In addition, the concentration of 0.001 mmol/L ammonia or nitrate could increase significantly the expulsion of the symbiotic algae of the three coral species. Except for Acropora nobilis, the numbers of symbiotic algae of other two corals did not significantly increase with the increasing concentration of ammonia and nitrate. Furthermore, different hosts have different stress susceptibilities on coral bleaching.     

THE OXYGEN-ALKALI BLEACHING OF THE STRAW PULP

1INTRODUCTIONAt present, the pulp industry is facing to the large stress against using bleaching agents which contain the chlorine. And the paper making industry has fixed the attention to lighten the environment pollution. To reduce the pollution, many countries have carry through the TCF (total chlorine free bleaching), and that the oxygen-alkali bleaching is one of the maturate technology of TCF by now. To obtain clean produce the oxygen-alkali bleaching of NaOH-AQ straw pulp has b…     

KRAFT WOOD PULP TCF AND ECF BLEACHING WITH ENZYME PRETREATMENT *

针叶木硫酸盐浆用木聚糖酶Ｉｒｇａｚｙｍｅ４０＿Ｘ４进行预处理,然后进行各种无元素氯（ＥＣＦ）和全无氯（ＴＣＦ）漂白．实验结果表明,酶预处理能提高后续漂白效果,提高白度,降低卡伯值,并改善纸浆的粘度,在不用元素氯的情况下,能将纸浆漂白到８８％ＩＳＯ以上的白度     

膨润土的漂白处理新工艺

通过对膨润土的漂白试验,选用了一种新的漂白剂,它在碱性条件下对杂质铁具有较强的还原性,漂白后再加入一种络合剂稳定残余铁。将样品存放三年或经５００℃煅烧后,其白度仍在８５％以上。与传统的酸法漂白相比,新工艺提高了产品质量,降低了成本,减轻了对设备腐蚀以及对环境的污染。     

促氧剂漂白活化作用研究

过硼酸钠（ＳＰＢ）是一种良好的漂白剂,但需在较高温度下才能释放出活性氧。本文通过实验证明,当它与四乙酰乙二胺（ＴＡＥＤ）结合时,可在较低温度下入出活性氧,起漂白 作用。     

纸浆漂白技术及其进展

近年来,国内外的漂白技术有了很大发展和进步。特别是在减轻环境污染的强大压力下,许多国均在努力寻找无(少)污染的漂白方法和药品。作者介绍了对环境友好性漂白方法的种类、特点、原理及工艺,论述了其在工业上的应用现状与发展趋势,并对其在应用过程中可能出现的问题进行了讨论。     

光催化氧化法在造纸废水处理中的应用与发展

文章介绍了造纸废水的产生、特点和危害,对光催化氧化法处理废水的原理及其在造纸废水中的应用进行了较详细的阐述,并对其今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

寒区污水处理厂(A/O工艺)外排污泥中合成麝香污染特征

基于索氏提取和GC-MS定性定量分析方法,研究了中国东北寒区典型SEA改良型A/O工艺污水处理厂四个季节外排脱水污泥中六种人工合成麝香(SMs)的浓度水平和组成特征。在18个污泥样本中检测到了佳乐麝香(HHCB)、吐纳麝香(AHTN)、萨利麝香(ADBI)、粉檀麝香(AHMI)和酮麝香(MK),干污泥中浓度水平分别为(2 833~3 864)ng/g、(563~876)ng/g、(135~181)ng/g、(20~26)和(8~12)ng/g,其中HHCB和AHTN占比比重超过90%以上,而二甲苯麝香(MX)未在样品中检测到。分析了采样环境温度对SMs浓度的影响,指出HHCB和AHTN的浓度在寒季最高。年度和月度采样周期内SMs各组分浓度相关性不同,表征了研究地区SMs使用方式的单季稳定性与季节差异性。初步评估了外排污泥直接施用于农田对土壤生态系统的潜在不利影响。     

温度及流速对板式换热器内城镇二级出水结垢特性的影响

为了解城镇二级出水热能回用中结垢的影响因素,该文以板式换热器内二级出水为研究对象,在热泵工况下对污垢热阻及流动压降进行了现场全周期监测,并着重考查了温度和板间流速对污垢初始形成过程的影响。实验结果表明:污垢形成过程存在起始期、生长期和渐进期,起始期长度为3.5~8 d;温度对于混合污垢形成的影响呈单调性,春夏两季污垢生长旺盛;板间流速决定了"生长"和"剥离"两种作用在污垢形成过程中的竞争关系;该研究可为二级出水板式换热器的优化设计和运行提供指导。