A template of rat brain based on fMRI T*2 imaging

The development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology has made it possible to carry out functional brain imaging experiments in small animals. Usually, group data is required to form the assessment of population, which can not only increase the sensitivity of the overall experiment, but also allow the generalization of the conclusion to the whole population. In order to average the signals of functional brain images from different subjects, it is necessary to put all the mapping images into the same standard space (template image). However, up to now, most animal brain templates remain unavailable and it must be done by ourselves. In this study, a template image based on the brains of eight male Wistar rats is obtained, and it is successfully used in our present Alzheimer disease (AD)-like rat model studies as template for spatially normalizing images to the same stereotaxical space. The fMRI results processed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM99) software are in agreement with the results from immunohistochemical experiment, which proves that this method is universally applicable to the pathologic models of other small animals and to human brain lesion studies.     

Computational fluid dynamics for dense gas-solid fluidized beds

Many computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for describing the hydrodynamics of dense gas-solid flows in fluidized beds have been put forward in the past few decades. These models treat the solid phase as continuum or discrete particles, which leads to Eulerian-Eulerian or Eulerian-Lagrangian formulations, respectively. Different governing equations and closure relations essentially result from an insufficient understanding of the complex gas?particle and particle?particle interactions for gas?solid flows. The current status of these models is discussed briefly in this paper. All the approaches in the literature modify only the solid phase momentum balance equation introducing various forms of the solid phase stress tensor and the solid phase pressure drop in the Eulerian-Eulerian models. Taking them into consideration, a new model for predicting the fluid behavior of dense gas?solid flows in fluidized beds has been developed, which contains new terms in both the particle and gas phase momentum balance equations and requires only the use of an experimental drag force correlation. Several results are shown to verify the model’s reliability, which include the homogeneous fluidization of Geldart type A particles, the bubbling and jetting fluidization of Geldart type B particles in rectangular beds, and fluid dynamics in a complicated geometry for a bubbling?bed of a fast internally circulating fluidized?bed biomass gasifier.     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

基于竞争神经网络的ABS路面辨识

在传统的防抱死系统中,由于没有额外的传感器测试更多的参数,以及路面的不平度、信号的干扰等原因,至使路面辨识非常困难·针对以上问题,通过对整车制动模型和ABS制动模型的研究,建立了基于竞争神经网络的ABS路面辨识模型,此路面辨识模型是通过对标准信号进行反复学习记忆,用非线性映射方法进行特征抽取并存储于网络的各节点上·工作时,当输入信号存在变形或噪声时,该模型通过联想记忆对输入信号进行聚类分析,得出正确的判断·实验表明,该辨识过程是一种高层次的认知过程且便于批量生产、升级、更新和维护·     

基于MES的动态成本控制系统设计及其应用

以某钢铁公司选矿厂为背景,提出了在网络、数据库等信息技术支持下的基于ERP/MES/PCS三层框架结构的生产过程动态成本控制系统结构,设计并实施了选矿厂动态成本控制系统·系统以选矿生产过程为对象,按确定的成本中心采集各工序的成本数据,监测成本指标,完成成本的动态核算·并采用模型对成本进行分解、预测和分析,实现了成本的动态在线控制以及信息流、物流、资金流的集成,取得了良好的应用成效·     

集成电路噪声模型算法及其矩阵表达

给出了集成电路噪声模型算法及其矩阵表达．噪声模型算法是利用功率谱密度叠加原理推证得出的，根据噪声叠加原理，多级集成电路的功率谱密度为单级集成电路功率谱密度的叠加之和，而单级集成电路的功率谱密度同样也基于叠加原理求得；并借助电路噪声等效理论，以反相输入运算放大器为例，探讨了运放噪声模型的矩阵算式，其方法和步骤同样适用于同相输入运算放大器；给出的程序设计方法为噪声模型算法的应用提供了思路，使系统参数的计算变得更精确．     

航空军械综合系统维护的半马尔可夫模型

以航空军械综合系统的多状态维护过程为研究对象,对其建立了半马尔可夫的数学模型。在系统维护的等待阶段,运用阶段以及交替阶段中运用该模型,得到了系统在各个不同状态的概率及有效性指数。这些结果对维护实践具有重要的指导意义。     

无偏灰色GM(1,1)模型的直接建模法

针对灰色GM(1,1)模型的建模方法存在偏差,模型不满足协调性条件,不具有线性变换一致性,且通过累加生成建模时,原始序列第一点信息没有起作用等问题,提出了GM(1,1)的3种无偏灰微分方程形式,给出了无偏GM(1,1)的直接建模法,证明了新方法不仅具有白指数律重合性,而且具有线性变换一致性。实例分析表明,新方法提高了建模的精度,扩大了模型的适用范围,充分利用了原始序列的第一点信息。     

城镇居民家庭金融资产的分布模型

文章通过分析家庭收入与金融资产的关系,建立了城镇居民家庭金融资产的分布参数模型.利用C0———半群理论讨论了模型解的存在性与唯一样.     

生物种群增长模型的研究

根据种群生物量增长模式,提出一种新的种群增长的数学模型.该模型改进了Logistic模型,可以用来描述种群数量随时间和环境条件变化的增长规律,具有更广泛的代表性和适用性.在新的模型中,Logistic模型仅为它的一个特例.