Local reduction in physics

A conventional wisdom about the progress of physics holds that successive theories wholly encompass the domains of their predecessors through a process that is often called “reduction.” While certain influential accounts of inter-theory reduction in physics take reduction to require a single “global” derivation of one theory׳s laws from those of another, I show that global reductions are not available in all cases where the conventional wisdom requires reduction to hold. However, I argue that a weaker “local” form of reduction, which defines reduction between theories in terms of a more fundamental notion of reduction between models of a single fixed system, is available in such cases and moreover suffices to uphold the conventional wisdom. To illustrate the sort of fixed-system, inter-model reduction that grounds inter-theoretic reduction on this picture, I specialize to a particular class of cases in which both models are dynamical systems. I show that reduction in these cases is underwritten by a mathematical relationship that follows a certain liberalized construal of Nagel/Schaffner reduction, and support this claim with several examples. Moreover, I show that this broadly Nagelian analysis of inter-model reduction encompasses several cases that are sometimes cited as instances of the “physicist׳s” limit-based notion of reduction.     

Study on the System Design of Multiple Expert Systems Integrated Decision Support System

There has been an increasing interest in integrating decision support systems (DSS) and expert systems (ES) to provide decision makers a more accessible, productive and domain-independent information and computing environment. This paper is aimed at designing a multiple expert systems integrated decision support system (MESIDSS) to enhance decision makers' ability in more complex cases. The basic framework, management system of multiple ESs, and functions of MESIDSS are presented. The applications of MESIDSS in large-scale decision making processes are discussed from the following aspects of problem decomposing, dynamic combination of multiple ESs, link of multiple bases and decision coordinating. Finally, a summary and some ideas for the future are presented.     

采用矩阵分解模型的托攻击防御算法

提出一种基于矩阵分解模型的托攻击防御算法框架.首先,利用托攻击检测技术,度量用户是托用户的概率,并以此构造信任度权值矩阵;然后,将此权值矩阵引入到矩阵分解模型,以降低托用户攻击行为的影响;最后,通过求解新模型实现对用户评分的预测.实验结果表明:这类算法与其他协同过滤算法相比较,能够更有效地抵御托攻击.     

二维离散系统Roessor模型的观测器

该文推导出观测器存在的充分条件,并提出了降阶观测器的构造方法。     

生化反应系统的建模与分析

很多细胞行为受细胞内基因表达和蛋白质相互作用等生物化学反应的调控.这些细胞内的生化反应表现出明显的随机性,它成为描述细胞行为的可计算建模中不可忽略的因素.该文是关于计算系统生物学中随机模拟的基本理论和新进展的自洽综述.本综述从生化反应系统的基本假设出发,介绍关于生化反应内部噪声、外部随机扰动和包含时间滞后的反应过程的各种数学描述,包括化学主方程、化学福克尔-普朗克方程、化学速率方程、化学郎之万方程等; 还介绍了相关的数值模拟方法,包括随机模拟算法和τ跳跃算法.     

武宿立交枢纽主线桥病害分析及加固措施

针对太旧高速公路武宿立交枢纽主线桥出现的裂缝、漏筋、缺损、麻面、空鼓、露筋、露波纹管等缺陷,初步分析箱梁承载能力有所下降,抗弯承载力安全储备不足,抗剪强度难以满足设计和使用要求,刚度不足,不能够满足设计和使用要求。文章通过对加固方案的研究,针对不同病害提出了不同的加固措施。     

酸性硅溶胶沉淀法制备超微细活性白炭黑

对酸性硅溶胶沉淀法生产超微细活性白炭黑的工艺进行了研究；探讨了生产过程中硅溶胶的ｐＨ值，反应终点ｐＨ值，反应温度以及分散剂等条件；制备了较高品质的产品，其性能接近或超过国外同类产品．     

凝聚度——描述与测度社会生态系统抗干扰能力的一种新特性

研究一个网络系统抵抗干扰的能力,系统科学里有＂鲁棒性＂的概念,社会—生态系统里用＂脆弱性＂、＂恢复性＂和＂适应性＂等概念.这些已有的概念是否已经全面地描述了系统抵抗干扰的能力呢？在综合灾害风险管理的实践中,整个社会凝心聚力,行动协调一致,往往发挥着至关重要的决定性作用.然而,现有学术研究中所用到的各种系统属性,都不能很好表述一个系统凝心聚力的能力或水平.鉴于此,本文提出一种全新的网络系统属性：网络凝聚度（consilience degree）,专门用以度量一个如社会—生态系统一样行为的网络系统凝心聚力,行动协调一致,以抵抗干扰的能力.网络凝聚度实际上是一种更具普遍意义的＂联结度＂.它可以象联结度一样,派生发展出一系列的系统新属性和网络新模型,从而形成一个研究复杂系统的新的理论体系.本文将重点阐述这个体系的雏型.理论分析和仿真研究都证明：本文所提出的网络凝聚度是现有各种系统属性所无法涵盖或替代的,是研究现实复杂系统所必需的新理论工具.     

钨还原炉微型机群控系统的研制

本文论述了还原炉一类微机控制系统设计指导思想,推出了一个结构简单、实用、新颖的微机控温系统输入输出电路,试验和确定有效的控制算法。该系统控温点22个,对H_2压力、露点、上料实现操作指导和监督管理,系统具有自动重起动和自动切换到备用系统的保护功能。实践证明,该系统运行可靠。并取得了显著的经济效益。     

信息家电的发展现状及展望

对信息家电的两大核心技术——嵌入式操作系统和家庭网络软件规范，以及数字机顶盒、PDA、网络电视、网络电话等典型信息家电产品进行了介绍，并对我国发展信息家电的利弊因素及发展前景进行了分析与展望。