阳极氧化铝模板高有序孔的形成机理综述

阳极氧化铝模板法是合成纳米阵列材料的最常用的方法,然而有关氧化铝纳米孔的形成机理却没有达到统一的认识.利用26篇文献综述了氧化铝膜的理想结构和电场辅助的溶解模型、体积膨胀的应力模型、稳态孔的生长模型、临界电流的密度模型和梅花结构模型等5种不同的氧化铝纳米孔形成机理,最后对氧化铝模板的应用和发展前景提出了展望.     

Membrane sorption property effects on transmembrane permeation

A theoretical study was carried out into membrane transport phenomena.Formulae for calculating the membrane transport resistance and transmembrane mass flux were given,variations in membrane resistance and moisture flux with the membrane sorption constant(C)under various humidity conditions were analyzed,and the value of C corresponding to the minimum membrane resistance or the maximum moisture flux was obtained.The results show that the membrane resistance and moisture flux relate not only to C but also to the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.As C increases,membrane resistance initially decreases but then increases,i.e.,a minimum occurs,while the moisture flux first decreases and then increases,i.e.,a maximum occurs.The membrane resistance and moisture flux reach their extrema at the same value of C,which is determined by the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.To reduce the membrane resistance,the value of C should be chosen based on the humidity conditions.     

人参皂苷粉、银杏叶提取物对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管新生的作用

为探讨人参皂苷粉和银杏叶提取物对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管新生的影响,取孵育9天的种蛋,通过暴露鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜来建立模型,28只存活的鸡胚随机分为4组,包含两组空白载体的对照,一组加人参皂苷粉水溶液,一组加含银杏叶提取物药膜,作用3天后,观察分析鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜上血管生长的变化.结果显示:人参皂苷粉组,血管数量明显增多,但血管直径变细,颜色变淡;银杏叶提取物组,血管数量显著增多,血管颜色加深.研究发现:人参皂苷粉既能促进血管生成,又能抑制血管生成,总体表现为抑制;银杏叶提取物能够明显的促进血管的新生.     

活性炭联合陶瓷膜超滤纯化香菇多糖

为了改善香菇多糖精制工艺及降低生产成本,以45%香菇多糖粗品为原料,利用陶瓷膜超滤对其进行纯化精制。结果表明,4.5mg/mL的香菇多糖粗品溶液用1%活性炭作预处理,超滤温度为40℃,超滤压力为0.2MPa,膜面流速为4.5m/s时纯化效果最优。蛋白质的脱除率可达81%,多糖粗品脱色率达90.9%,精制得香菇多糖的纯度为89.7%,回收率77.6%。     

MFI-type zeolite membrane on hollow fiber substrate for hydrogen separation

High performance MFI-type zeolite membranes on the outer surface of α-Al 2 O 3 hollow fibers were synthesized by secondary growth method using pure silica sol without an organic template. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the phase structure of both the seed layer and zeolite membrane. The morphologies of the seed layer and zeolite membrane were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The zeolite membrane achieved an extraordinary H 2 /CO 2 separation factor of 10 with a high H 2 permeance of 5.56 10 -7 mol m -2 s -1 Pa -1 at 723 K.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

1 kW自呼吸PEMFC堆控制因素试验

自呼吸质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)阴极侧湿度和温度耦合严重,且空气流量对湿度和温度影响不同,从而使得对电池输出电压的控制变得复杂.以氢气压力和提供阴极空气流量的风扇转速为影响因素,对相应的工作点集进行了正交试验研究.分析结果表明,风扇转速高于极值电压转速时,空气会带走更多的水分,从而使得质子交换膜逐渐干燥,阻抗增大,电池性能衰减;风扇转速低于极值电压转速时,空气流量带走的热量减少,使得阴极表面温度升高,阴极端相对湿度迅速减低,从而导致质子交换膜迅速干燥,电池性能衰减迅速.因此,每个工作点存在一个使电池电压最高的风扇转速值.     

PAN中空纤维超滤膜污染与膜阻力测定

对膜污染问题进行了研究,指出浓差极化、滤饼层形成和膜孔堵塞是造成膜污染的主要原因。同时测定了PAN膜阻力．试验结果表明,PAN膜超滤过程中主要阻力来源为膜孔吸附、凝胶层及浓差极化等引起的膜污染阻力,占总阻力的71．61％。膜自身阻力和不可逆阻力分别占与总阻力的28．39％和11．76％,所占与比例较小,有利于实际应用。     

无泡曝气工艺实验研究

实验研究了中空纤维膜向水中进行无泡曝气的工艺过程,结果证明,这是一种高效的新型曝气工艺技术,其供氧的总传质系数可以达到605h-1,是传统气泡曝气方式的6倍以上;水流速和气体压力是影响无泡曝气供氧能力的2个主要变量,通过控制气压可以定量调节曝气量。