The role of repair in radiobiology

Summary Apart from cancer and mutation induction, radiobiological effects on mammals are mostly attributable to cell death, defined as loss of proliferative capacity. Survival curves relate retention of that capacity to radiation dose, and often manifest a quasi-threshold (shoulder). The shoulder is attributable to an initial mechanism of repair (Q-repair) which is gradually depleted as dose increases. Another form of repair, which is not depleted (P-repair), increases the dose required to deliver an average of one lethal event per cell (dose D₀). Neither form of repair can unambiguously be linked with repair of defects in isolated DNA. An important initial lesion may well be disruption of the complex structural relationship between the DNA, nuclear membrane and associated proteins. One form of P-repair may be restoration of that structural relationship.     

Bromocriptine-induced removal of endoplasmic membranes from prolactinoma cells

Summary Adenomatous prolactin cells lose 39% of their cytoplasm volume within 7 days after the beginning of bromocriptine treatment. A simultaneous reduction of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus occurs. Their membranes are removed by rapid transport along the secretory pathway to the cell surface and to lysosomal destruction.We thank Prof. E. del Pozo, Sandoz Ltd, Basle, for the generous gift of injectable bromocriptine, Prof. E.R. Weibel, Dept. of Anatomy, University of Bern, for his technical advice, Dr U. Helfenstein, Institute of Biostatistics, University of Zürich, for his help in the statistical evaluation of the results and the EMDO-Foundation, Zürich, for financial support.     

微生物共培养产生新颖活性次生代谢产物的研究进展

微生物源天然产物是药物先导化合物的重要资源之一.近年来,利用微生物共培养产生各类天然产物的研究发展迅速.微生物共培养是一种通过模拟（微生物）栖息地/栖息环境以激活可能的沉默生物合成基因簇并进而诱导微生物产生新次生代谢物的有效方法.与菌株纯培养相比,共培养不仅增加了次级代谢产物的种类多样性,而且其生物活性及产量也得到了提高.文章就近5年来真菌与真菌、真菌与细菌、细菌与细菌等3种类型的微生物共培养研究成果进行了综述,同时简要介绍了用于分析共培养作用机制的多组学技术,并在此基础上探讨了微生物共培养相互作用机制研究的进展及挑战.综述旨在为微生物共培养的深入研究提供借鉴,并为微生物药物的开发提供新思路.     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

海南岛美洲斑潜蝇生物学特性及其防治研究

通过室内饲养观察和田间系统调查,研究了海南岛美洲斑潜蝇的生物学特性,并采用干扰作用控制指数（ＩＰＣ）评价了几种杀虫剂对美洲斑潜蝇种群的控制作用．结果表明：１）该虫在海南年发生１９～２０代,卵历期２～４ｄ,幼虫历期３～７ｄ,蛹历期７ｄ,成虫寿命在１５ｄ左右;２）１．８％集琦虫螨克和１％农哈哈对美洲斑潜蝇种群控制效果较好,其干扰作用控制指数分别为０．１１６和０．１１１;而９８％的巴丹对美洲斑潜蝇种群控制效果较差,ＩＰＣ值为０．２４６;４０％的氧化乐果的控制效果最差,ＩＰＣ值为０．３０１     

河南的红菇科真菌资源的研究（Ⅱ）

红菇属（Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａ）是红菇科（Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａｃｅａｅ）的一个重要的属。本文依据在河南山区采集的标本,鉴定、整理出红菇属的种类有３１种,其中食用菌２４种、药用菌４种、毒菌５种。此外,它们多是菌根菌,与林业有着密切的关系,还有不少种类的子实体中含有抗癌物质,具有抑制肿瘤的作用。     

贵州生态旅游资源评价与开发利用建议

本文在分析贵州生态旅游资源特点并对生态旅游资源进行分类的基础上,阐述了发展贵州生态旅游的优势和不利条件,对生态旅游资源进行了初步评价,最后对开发贵州的生态旅游资源提出了措施建议。这些措施主要包括：１加强宣传教育,增强广大群众的自然保护意识;２开展生态旅游规划研究;３开展对自然保护区和国家公园管理人员和导游人员的知识培训等。     

金寨县动植物资源特点的探讨

本文报道了金寨县具维管束植物１８８１种,隶属于１７８科,７５３属;具陆栖脊椎动物１８５种,隶属于２２目,６１科。金寨县动植物资源特点具备丰富性、稀有性、古老性、过渡性和特有性。在天堂寨和马鬃岭两个自然保护区基础上,进一步扩大保护范围,加大保护力度,加强保护区建设。     

江西大青属药用植物资源及开发利用

介绍了江西大青属（赤贞桐属）（ＣｌｅｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｕｍＬ．）药用植物种类、地理分布以及临床疗效等,同时对该属药用植物种类进行了本草考证,对该属资源的合理开发利用提出了建议。     

温州的垂直绿化植物资源

攀援植物具有生长迅速,又易于栽培管理等特点,是城镇进行垂直绿化的优质材料,可美化环境,改善小气候．据调查统计,温州地区有攀援植物40科235种（变种）左右．这些资源可用于墙面、棚架、栅栏等的绿化,但目前这类资源的利用还很低,尚有许多优良的攀援植物有待进一步开发利用．