You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水

研究采用两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水。试验结果表明:经过AMBR和EGSB反应器处理后,COD去除率达到91%,SS去除率达到67%;进水在产酸器AMBR反应后,pH值由6.8降至5.86,VFA由1265 mg/L升至3862 mg/L,酸化效果较好;经产甲烷器EGSB反应后,pH值和VFA分别为7.61和206 mg/L,产甲烷效果良好;经过后续工艺SBR处理后,出水符合国家污水综合排放标准。     

浅述现代城市生物多样性的保护——以合肥市的绿化建设为例

以合肥市绿化建设为例,通过对现代城市生物多样性保护的目标、措施与管理对策的浅述,引起人们对城市生物多样性保护的重视,深入探讨、研究.     

公路边坡生物防护与路域生态恢复

从路域生态恢复的目的出发,针对边坡防护是新建公路路域生态恢复的难点和重点．对公路路堑边坡生物防护技术措施进行了探讨．对公路建设的景观设计、施工具有一定的参考价值。     

隐私侵犯经历对网络用户自我披露的影响机制

网络用户的自我披露对以用户生成内容为业务基础的互联网企业具有战略意义.然而,隐私侵犯事件层出不穷.如何鼓励有隐私侵犯经历的用户持续披露个人信息对互联网企业至关重要.采用系统性随机分层抽样,结合代理理论和社会契约理论构建模型,研究了隐私侵犯经历对自我披露的作用机制.结果表明,隐私侵犯经历对自我披露意愿具有直接效应和间接效应:隐私侵犯经历与自我披露意愿之间存在强烈负向关系,并通过影响网络用户对隐私政策、隐私保护技术、行业自律和法律执行的有效性感知影响自我披露意愿.本研究阐明了隐私侵犯经历对自我披露的具体作用机制,为互联网企业鼓励有隐私侵犯经历的用户持续披露个人信息提供可操作性建议.     

Observations of water-flea Daphnia magna and avian fecalia in rock pools: is traditional natural history reporting still relevant for science?

Unexpected observation of freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in temporary rock pools on a small island off the Norwegian Atlantic coast confirms colonising ability, mediated through avian dispersal. Robust diapausal eggs of D. magna pass the gut of migrating geese and subsequently hatch in environments where such waterfowl forage and rest along migrating routes. The incubation experiment demonstrates that decomposing fecalia of geese constitute sufficient feed to support developing populations of D. magna in experimental oligotrophic conditions. The findings also show that D. magna is highly adapted for colonisation of temporary pools north of the Arctic Polar Circle, with excellent tolerance to low temperatures. Discussion part I relates the findings to published evidence on avian transport of invertebrate propagules, such as correlations between migration patterns of waterfowl and geographical patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Discussion part II reflects on academic cultures, epistemological aspects of natural history reporting, the presence of a whale cadaver as an ecological indicator and the relevance of simple observation as a starting point for further discourse.     

模板法制备CexZr1-xO2及催化餐饮废油合成生物柴油

以松木为模板,使用模板法制备了不同铈锆含量的Ce_xZr_1-xO₂复合氧化物的催化剂,用于餐饮废油与甲醇进行酯交换反应合成生物柴油.采用BET、SEM对Ce_xZr_1-xO₂进行表征分析.研究不同制备方法、CeO₂的负载量和煅烧温度对催化剂活性的影响,以及不同的酯交换反应条件对生物柴油产率的影响.制备的Ce_xZr_1-xO₂具有松木的生物形态,并有助于催化剂形成多孔道结构.以Ce_xZr_1-xO₂为催化剂,考察甲醇和餐饮废油的酯交换反应.结果表明：当x=0.5,煅烧温度为600℃时,甲醇与餐饮废油物质的量比为60：1,催化剂用量（基于餐饮废油的质量）的质量分数为5%,反应温度为190℃,反应时间为6 h的反应条件下,酯交换反应的甲酯收率达到91.1%.     

不同方法处理的角膜脱细胞基质组织学生物特性的比较

目的:比较不同的角膜脱细胞基质方法,旨在选择最适合的脱细胞基质方法,制备成为组织工程角膜支架材料和角膜替代物的脱细胞基质.方法:分别用胰酶-曲拉通法、SDS-戊二醛法、胰酶-冷冻法等方法对角膜进行脱细胞处理,并对脱细胞彻底的基质进行力学特性、透光率的分析.结果:用胰酶-冷冻法获得的兔角膜全层和分层基质脱细胞最彻底,基质的结构未见明显破坏,脱细胞基质在生物力学特性上与正常角膜接近,透光率低于新鲜角膜.结论:用胰酶-冷冻法获得的脱细胞基质与自然角膜接近,可作为组织工程角膜支架材料和角膜替代物.     

生物技术与生物战争

本文简要地回顾了人类的生物战争史,分析了生物技术进步对生物战争的可能影响以及和平力量对生物技术军事应用研究的约束,阐述了生物学家在生物武器裁军事务中的地位和作用;指出生物学家必须关注自己的研究成果的应用,其作用的性质最终取决于的他们的道德观和价值观。     

船舶压载水外来生物入侵传播的防治

对世界范围内目前正在使用的或正在研究的治理船舶压载水外来生物入侵的技术手段和治理措施等进行了比较详细地阐述,提出控制船舶压载水的排放以及研究较为有效的压载水治理方法是解决压载水携带外来物种入侵性传播的有效途径.