砂仁叶枯病病原菌生物学特性的研究

通过对砂仁叶枯病病原菌(Pestalotiopsis sp.)生物学特性的研究,结果表明适宜的温度能促进菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发.菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的最适pH值为6;麦芽糖和葡萄糖为菌丝生长的最适碳源;硝酸铵为最适氮源;蔗糖最易促进孢子萌发;通气条件能促进菌丝生长和分生孢子的萌发;连续光照易促进分生孢子产生.无氮源和无碳源条件下菌丝生长不良;相对湿度在95%以下时,分生孢子不萌发.     

公路边坡生物防护与路域生态恢复

从路域生态恢复的目的出发,针对边坡防护是新建公路路域生态恢复的难点和重点．对公路路堑边坡生物防护技术措施进行了探讨．对公路建设的景观设计、施工具有一定的参考价值。     

Observations of water-flea Daphnia magna and avian fecalia in rock pools: is traditional natural history reporting still relevant for science?

Unexpected observation of freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in temporary rock pools on a small island off the Norwegian Atlantic coast confirms colonising ability, mediated through avian dispersal. Robust diapausal eggs of D. magna pass the gut of migrating geese and subsequently hatch in environments where such waterfowl forage and rest along migrating routes. The incubation experiment demonstrates that decomposing fecalia of geese constitute sufficient feed to support developing populations of D. magna in experimental oligotrophic conditions. The findings also show that D. magna is highly adapted for colonisation of temporary pools north of the Arctic Polar Circle, with excellent tolerance to low temperatures. Discussion part I relates the findings to published evidence on avian transport of invertebrate propagules, such as correlations between migration patterns of waterfowl and geographical patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Discussion part II reflects on academic cultures, epistemological aspects of natural history reporting, the presence of a whale cadaver as an ecological indicator and the relevance of simple observation as a starting point for further discourse.     

两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水

研究采用两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水。试验结果表明:经过AMBR和EGSB反应器处理后,COD去除率达到91%,SS去除率达到67%;进水在产酸器AMBR反应后,pH值由6.8降至5.86,VFA由1265 mg/L升至3862 mg/L,酸化效果较好;经产甲烷器EGSB反应后,pH值和VFA分别为7.61和206 mg/L,产甲烷效果良好;经过后续工艺SBR处理后,出水符合国家污水综合排放标准。     

浅述现代城市生物多样性的保护——以合肥市的绿化建设为例

以合肥市绿化建设为例,通过对现代城市生物多样性保护的目标、措施与管理对策的浅述,引起人们对城市生物多样性保护的重视,深入探讨、研究.     

无烟粉煤催化气化碱渣煅烧脱碱制取硅肥

静态条件下研究了福建8种无烟粉煤催化气化后的含碱灰渣添加助剂煅烧脱碱后制取硅肥的可行性.结果表明:添加5%高岭土在870℃煅烧30~40 min,各煤种灰渣脱碱率接近100%,脱碱后的灰渣有效溶出量均超过20%;采用XRD及SEM对煅烧后的灰渣进行表征,揭示了助剂煅烧脱碱生成硅肥过程的实质,即在适宜煅烧温度下,助剂中被活化的主要物质SiO2(形成玻璃网络氧化物)、Al2O3(修饰中间氧化物)和灰渣中熔融并分解的Na2CO3(分解为修饰网络氧化物Na2O)等发生化学反应生成难溶于水而易溶于植物根系分泌有机酸的枸溶性硅酸盐,在煅烧脱碱的同时得到硅肥,实现了含碱灰渣煅烧脱碱无害化与资源化.     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

水肥高效利用灌排系统调控面临的问题研究

通过调查我国水肥利用的现状,指出我国农业水利中干旱缺水、非点源污染、水资源利用率低下和灌排系统不配套等问题,提出灌区水肥高效利用需深入研究的热点问题,对探讨水肥高效利用和灌排系统管理理论,指导我国灌排系统精量调控,以最少的水肥投入量获取最佳的灌区产量和经济及生态环境效益,具有重要意义.     

模板法制备CexZr1-xO2及催化餐饮废油合成生物柴油

以松木为模板,使用模板法制备了不同铈锆含量的Ce_xZr_1-xO₂复合氧化物的催化剂,用于餐饮废油与甲醇进行酯交换反应合成生物柴油.采用BET、SEM对Ce_xZr_1-xO₂进行表征分析.研究不同制备方法、CeO₂的负载量和煅烧温度对催化剂活性的影响,以及不同的酯交换反应条件对生物柴油产率的影响.制备的Ce_xZr_1-xO₂具有松木的生物形态,并有助于催化剂形成多孔道结构.以Ce_xZr_1-xO₂为催化剂,考察甲醇和餐饮废油的酯交换反应.结果表明：当x=0.5,煅烧温度为600℃时,甲醇与餐饮废油物质的量比为60：1,催化剂用量（基于餐饮废油的质量）的质量分数为5%,反应温度为190℃,反应时间为6 h的反应条件下,酯交换反应的甲酯收率达到91.1%.     

日粮蛋白质水平对鹅生长性能及肉质的影响

选取28日龄、体重相近的合浦灰鹅60只,随机分为3个组,采用精料 青料(黑麦草等)混合的方式进行饲喂试验,试验期为42天。第70d采血测定血清中尿素氮、转氨酶活性、血脂和脂蛋白等生化指标,并进行屠宰测定和肌肉营养成分含量测定。试验结果表明:(1)生长前期(28~49日龄),第2组日增重较高,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);生长后期(50~70日龄)第1组日增重较高,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)鹅的血清尿素氮含量随饲粮粗蛋白质水平的降低而下降(P<0.05);血清转氨酶活性、脂类和脂蛋白含量等组间无显著差异。(3)饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鹅屠宰性能无显著影响,鹅肉中的干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、肌内脂肪、肌苷酸含量与蛋白质有正相关,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),随着蛋白质水平提高,肌肉的营养和风味有改善的趋势。