一种新型生物膜反应器处理污水的研究

研究一种新型生物膜反应器-水力旋转生物膜反应器对生活污水的处理，研究表明最佳水力停留时间为4hr，本装置脱氮效果较好，停留时间为8hr时TN去除率达62．5％，氮的去除通过同步硝化反硝化反应．BOD面积负荷设置为5-7g／(m^2．d)较合适。     

生物电极膜内脱氮速率模型

通过研究生物电极脱氮过程中膜内物质运动和反应机理,建立了能够表现生物膜内脱氮反应过程的动力学模型.在本模型中,氢气和醋酸同时作为电子供体参与反应,在生物膜内反硝化细菌的作用下,硝酸氮被还原为氮气从而彻底将其去除.模型综合考虑了膜内物质迁移、扩散等对脱氮过程的影响,得到了氢气和醋酸同时作为电子供体参与反应时去除硝酸氮的动力学方程.在模型建立过程中,假定生物膜厚度和反硝化菌脱氮活性不受生物浓度、时间和电极位置影响,并且认为生物膜内各反应物质的有效扩散系数约为其在水中分子扩散系数的80%.采用Runge-Kutta法和Shaoting Mathal法对模型进行求解,模型计算结果和实验结果较吻合.     

Population dynamics and spatial distribution of microbial species in multispecies biofilms under the action of direct electric current

The metabolism, population dynamics and spatial distribution of nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophs in biofilms under the action of direct electric current were investigated by using the micro-slicing technique. The nitrification rate of nitrifying bacteria was severely inhibited by a current over 10 Am^-2 at lower C/N ratios. Compared to heterotrophs, the nitrifying bacteria in the surface biofilms were severely inhibited, resulting in a significant decrease in bacterial density. An increase in current density narrowed the less current-sensitive inner biofilm region, and in addition the density of NO2-oxidizers decreased more significantly than that of NH4-oxidizers in the surface biofilms probably due to electrochemical reactions at the anode. However, the effect of current on both the population dynamics and the spatial distribution of the microbial species was less significant at larger C/N ratios.     

大气CO2浓度增加对根瘤和菌根活动的影响

大气CO2浓度增加明显促进植物根系与固氮细菌及菌根真菌的共生。CO2浓度增加条件下，根系结瘤量增多，平均瘤重增加，单株固氮活性提高，但固氮比活性的变化在不同物种和不同生长阶段的表现不一致。CO2浓度增加同时还提高菌根在植物根系的侵染率。     

Population genetics of a colonizing lizard: Loss of variability in introduced populations ofPodarcis sicula

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to study the genetic variability (proportion of polymorphic loci and heterozygosity) in insular populations (Corsica, Elba, Montecristo, Marettimo, Pantelleria) of the lacertid lizardPodarcis sicula. These populations were presumed to have originated from episodes of accidental anthropogenic introduction. In order to test the hypothesis of a man-aided colonization and to provide comparative data, heterozygosity and polymorphism were also estimated in autochthonous populations ofP. sicula from the Italian peninsula and Sicily. In each case, the presumed introduced population showed levels of genetic variability significantly lower than those detected in the autochthonous ones. Very little genetic differentiation was found among native and presumed colonist populations, Nei's standard genetic distances ranging from 0.001 to 0.009. These results strongly support the hypothesis thatP. sicula was only recently introduced to the studied islands, and provide additional evidence of reduced genetic variability due to founder effect in insular populations originating from episodes of human transportation.     

生物膜法除铁除锰研究

对传统的地下水除铁除锰技术进行了比较分析．把生物膜法应用于呼兰河水的除铁除锰．利用臭氧分解产生的氧作为氧源，改变了传统的曝气式供氧方式．与单独供氧方式比较，具有能耗低、工艺简单、控制方便等优点，是臭氧-生物膜相结合除铁除锰的一次成功尝试．结果表明该法能有效地去除呼兰河水中的铁、锰，三级出水达到了饮用水的标准．     

旅游心理与旅游"文化殖民

旅游业的迅速发展,引起偏僻地区的民族文化被主流文化迅速消解问题,从心理角度出发,认为文化的演化是由外部环境的改变作用于人的心理,并发生价值取向的转变,使得民族文化内涵逐步瓦解,并逐步退出自己的发展历史,而走向消亡。因而通过心理调整这一手段,探讨解决这一问题的有效途径。     

抗菌含银HA膜的研制

在自然界和很多水生环境中,细菌可以附着在一些不活动的表面并形成菌落和包围菌落的生物膜.反过来这层膜的形成又更容易吸附细菌,尤其是在医用植入设备中,这层膜对人体有毒害作用,并且由于这层膜的保护,抗生素和人体的防御系统都不起作用.含银HA镀膜材料很好地解决了这一问题,并对抗菌医用植入材料引起的感染提供了乐观的前景.对在Ti6AL4V表面镀含银羟基磷灰石(HA)膜形成的抗菌界面加以研究.     

用生物膜法对活性翠蓝进行共基质降解

用蜂窝陶瓷作为生物膜载体的生物反应器来降解活性翠蓝(RTB),研究了不同基质与RTB共基质降解的规律,结果表明浅色基质有利于对色度的去除．而添加基质的方法对活性翠蓝去除率的影响较大,分批加入比一次性加入有助于色度的快速去除．在此基础上探讨了RTB的生物降解动力学,发现RTB的生物降解符合底物抑制型生物降解模型．     

沸石联合固定化微生物技术抑制沉积物氨氮释放

以扬州古运河沉积物为对象,将从中驯化分离到的土著硝化、反硝化细菌固定于斜发沸石之上,构建原位联合修复技术并应用于试验水体;着重考察斜发沸石吸附—解吸特性及挂膜前后对沉积物NH4 -N释放的抑制效果差异。结果表明：25℃下,斜发沸石对NH4 -N去除率可达90%以上,吸附极限4.761905mg/g,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型;温度上升有利于沸石对NH4 -N吸附;斜发沸石去除NH4 -N以离子交换为主,吸附为辅,在不同的NH4 -N浓度序列下（10~300mg/L）,KCl溶液对沸石的解吸率均高于NaCl和CaCl2溶液;通过结合固定化微生物技术,挂膜沸石NH4 -N去除率高于无生物膜沸石（前者12d接触去除率达94.64%）,可有效抑制沉积物NH4 -N释放,并兼具脱氮功能,从而降低污染底泥氮负荷。