Velocity Distribution of Slurry in Horizontal Pipe When Solid Particles Sliding

Based on the laws of momentum conservation and impulse in accelerating process, the distribution on speed of ununiform slurry flow in a horizontal pipe was studied. According to the momentum change of solid particles and conveying liquid of slurry flow during accelerating, and some effect factors, the relationship between the speed of solid particles and the speed of conveying liquid was obtained.When dealing with the friction between sliding solid particles and pipe, it is pivotal to reasonably distribute component of friction to each solid particle. The friction coefficient between solid particles was obtained by forces analysis and theoretic calculation, and can be used to calculate the friction force on every solid particle. The effect of friction on speed of ever), solid particle was investigated through the impulse law. The result is more accurate than that by using uniform friction on solid particles. It is completely new method to use above theory to get solid particles speed distribution, conveying liquid speed distribution and slurry speed distribution.     

腰井子羊草草原自然保护区生物多样性现状及其能值估算

腰井子羊草草原自然保护区独特的地理位置、气候条件使其以牧草资源为主的生物多样性丰富.通过对腰井子保护区生物多样性现状进行统计,结果表明该区生长着189种高等植物和121种高等动物.并采用能值分析法对腰井子羊草草原生物物种能值加以估算,结果为186.53×1022sej,转换为货币价值214.38×109$,从而揭示生物多样性巨大的生态经济价值.     

基于视觉相关性的无线多媒体传感器网络节能策略

针对资源受限的纯相机无线多媒体传感器网络的能量消耗问题,改进了视觉相关性算法,并提出了一种新颖的基于视觉相关性的完全分布式节能策略.首先,根据视觉相关性系数算法计算相机的视觉相关性系数向量;其次,利用视觉相关性系数向量得到相机的竞争筹码并以此确定相机的角色;然后,运行两个并行且相互交互的操作:簇头相机根据簇头权重向量确定下一跳并完成路由建立;非簇头相机计算亲密度向量并且得到自己的簇ID.最后,实验结果表明本文提出的节能策略能有效地延长资源受限无线多媒体传感器网络的生命周期.     

山西台基麻地沟煤业有限公司水土保持措施探讨

根据麻地沟煤矿整合后水土保持措施总体布局,分别从工业场地及场外公路、排矸场、供排水管线工程、开采沉陷区等方面,对该矿水土保持的措施进行了探讨,指出该矿达到了水土保持执行标准的有关规定要求。     

甘肃太统-崆峒山国家级自然保护区山杨锈病病原及发生规律

山杨锈病是甘肃太统-崆峒山自然保护区中对山杨林危害最严重的植物病害。2013年3月—2014年12月,对该保护区内山杨锈病的发生规律进行了跟踪调查,并对病原真菌进行了采样、分离和鉴定。结果显示,在保护区内发生的山杨锈病病原菌属于松杨栅锈菌(Melampsora laricipopulina Kleb.)。该病原生物的发生规律主要表现为:每年5月下旬至6月初山杨开始发病,6月下旬危害程度逐渐加重,7月中、下旬病害快速蔓延,危害程度进一步加重,到7月底感病率达到100%;8月中、下旬约有60%叶片发黑,30%的叶片脱落,山杨的长势受到严重影响。研究结果基本反映了该区域山杨锈病的发生规律,为该林区山杨林保护提供了理论依据,为山杨锈病的防治研究奠定了基础。     

Historical review and redescription of three poorly known species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from south-eastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

ABSTRACT

This study is primarily directed to the most poorly known species of the genus Trichomycterus, comprising five nominal species (T. florensis, T. immaculatus, T. nigricans, T. paquequerensis and T. santaeritae) endemic to south-eastern Brazil. One of them, T. nigricans, is the type species of the genus, involved in taxonomic problems for over 150 years. A detailed historical review, accompanied by examination of type specimens and recent collections, revealed that the correct type locality of T. nigricans is in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, not Santa Catarina as commonly appears in the literature; specimens previously misidentified as T. nigricans from Santa Catarina belong to a possibly undescribed species of the genus Cambeva; T. paquequerensis is a synonym of T. immaculatus, and T. florensis is a synonym of T. santaeritae; and the hypothesis that T. santaeritae is closely related to the Amazon Sarcoglanidinae is refuted. The three valid species are redescribed. These species are members of a clade also including T. caipora that is highly supported by molecular data, diagnosed by a pronounced posterior maxillary process and caudal fin emarginate at least in larger specimens. A subclade comprising T. caipora, T. nigricans and T. santaeritae is diagnosed by a long maxilla and a bifid anterior extremity of hypobranchial 3.     

Fantastic Beasts and where (not) to find them: Local gravitational energy and energy conservation in general relativity

This paper critically examines energy-momentum conservation and local (differential) notions of gravitational energy in General Relativity (GR). On the one hand, I argue that energy-momentum of matter is indeed locally (differentially) conserved: Physical matter energy-momentum 4-currents possess no genuine sinks/sources. On the other hand, global (integral) energy-momentum conservation is contingent on spacetime symmetries. Local gravitational energy-momentum is found to be a supererogatory notion. Various explicit proposals for local gravitational energy-momentum are investigated and found wanting. Besides pseudotensors, the proposals considered include those of Lorentz and Levi-Civita, Pitts and Baker. It is concluded that the ontological commitment we ought to have towards gravitational energy in GR mimics the natural anti-realism/eliminativism towards apparent forces in Newtonian Mechanics.     

Diversity and dispersal history of the talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) of Bermuda

Five taxa of talitrid amphipods were found in the archipelago of Bermuda, of which three were recorded there for the first time. Four of these are supralittoral wrack generalists: Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402, (a unique Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit according to the Barcode Index Number system), a related species recognized by molecular methods, Platorchestia platensis BOLD:AAA2949, Mexorchestia carpenteri carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491 and Tethorchestia antillensis; and one a terrestrial leaf-litter generalist: Talitroides alluaudi. A key is provided to discriminate between the formally described talitrids of Bermuda. Dispersal mechanisms from the American continent to Bermuda were considered for all taxa based on species distributions along the North American Atlantic coast and also investigated by molecular methods, using genetic population differentiation and haplotype network analysis based on the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. For P. monodi BOLD:AAB3402 the genetic results suggest that some dispersal events occurred before human colonization of Bermuda but are equivocal about the source population and therefore the direction of dispersal. Some very recent synanthropic dispersal is possible with this species. For the other two species studied genetically, P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 and M. c. carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491, the small population samples analysed support dispersal to Bermuda from the American mainland, before human occupation of Bermuda, although the available sample size was limited for these species. The available limited direct, non-genetic evidence supports synanthropic transport for Talitroides alluaudi. Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402 is found in the same wrack habitat as P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 on Bermuda, apparently without interbreeding. No evidence was found that driftwood specialist talitrids had become established in Bermuda.