BDRouter:拐弯数密度驱动的总体布线算法

拐弯优化是布线阶段考虑的重要问题之一。该文提出了一种考虑拐弯优化的总体布线算法BDRouter来同时考虑减少布线拐弯数和拐弯密度。这有助于在布线阶段减少通孔并给必要的通孔增加可能的冗余通孔位置,以此来增强可制造性、可靠性和提高成品率。实验测试表明:该文算法与已有典型算法相比,在线长不增加或增加不超过10%的前提下,能够减少约50%的拐弯数,并降低约20%的拐弯数标准差。     

竞争环境下新能源汽车嵌入技术服务的定价策略

构建上游技术服务商和下游新能源制造商合作创新的两级供应链,考虑两个制造商的竞争关系和权力结构,研究不同竞争模式对产品定价、产品利润的影响,为技术服务商和新能源汽车制造商的决策提供参考。结果显示,技术服务商在同等条件下会提供技术给具有竞争关系的制造商以优化利润;制造商之间的权力结构会影响技术服务商的利润,并且在“权力对等”竞争模式(FLC)下的利润最大。从制造商角度,竞争强度和技术产出贡献度均会影响产品价格。在技术产出贡献度较小的情形下,垄断模式(M)下的产品定价最高,“制造商1领导”竞争模式(SLC)和“制造商2领导”竞争模式(TLC)下的定价较高,FLC模式下的定价最低;反之亦然。算例分析进一步指出,当技术产出贡献度较小时,M模式下的产品利润大于竞争模式(C)下的产品利润;反之亦然。此外,制造商之间的权力结构会影响C模式下的产品利润,因此,制造商在C模式的占优策略是通过FLC模式实施定价或在SLC和TLC模式下取得定价领导权。     

Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera,Diptera, Hymenoptera,Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes,food web analysis and conservation recommendations

We describe activity patterns, relative abundances and pollen transport by insect floral visitors in the Skukuza Ranger District, Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, based on field surveys conducted during the early rainy seasons of years 2006 to 2012 (inclusive). Diagnostic notes, illustrations and natural history observations are provided for species in the families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Cleridae, Lycidae and Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera), Muscidae, Platystomatidae and Tabanidae (Diptera), Apidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae, Sphecidae and Vespidae (Hymenoptera), and Pieridae and Thyrididae (Lepidoptera) that transported pollen of tree or shrub species. Observations on floral phenology and pollination syndrome are presented for 27 flowering tree or shrub species. To provide a foundation for studies of the effects of drought and climate change on pollination services in the Kruger National Park, we applied methods of food web analysis to characterise this plant-pollinator assemblage. The food web analysis shows moderate levels of redundancy in plant-pollinator interactions (with connectance values averaging 0.19 for plant species and 0.20 for pollinator species), suggesting that pollination services in this system may exhibit some resilience to environmental perturbations. Possible conservation strategies for maintaining pollination services in this ecological system are discussed, including habitat management to conserve larval or nesting areas for social and solitary bees and scarab beetles, as well as further inventories and long-term monitoring of pollinator species.     

The US Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate: Structural Modeling and Forecasting During the Recent Financial Crises

The paper investigates the determinants of the US dollar/euro within the framework of the asset pricing theory of exchange rate determination, which posits that current exchange rate fluctuations are determined by the entire path of current and future revisions in expectations about fundamentals. In this perspective, we innovate by conditioning on Fama–French and Carhart risk factors, which directly measures changing market expectations about the economic outlook, on new financial condition indexes and macroeconomic variables. The macro‐finance augmented econometric model has a remarkable in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictive ability, largely outperforming a standard autoregressive specification. We also document a stable relationship between the US dollar/euro Carhart momentum conditional correlation (CCW) and the euro area business cycle. CCW signals a progressive weakening in economic conditions since June 2014, consistent with the scattered recovery from the sovereign debt crisis and the new Greek solvency crisis exploded in late spring/early summer 2015. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mortality effects of temperature changes in the United Kingdom

Temperature changes are known to affect the social and environmental determinants of health in various ways. Consequently, excess deaths as a result of extreme weather conditions may increase over the coming decades because of climate change. In this paper, the relationship between trends in mortality and trends in temperature change (as a proxy) is investigated using annual data and for specified (warm and cold) periods during the year in the UK. A thoughtful statistical analysis is implemented and a new stochastic, central mortality rate model is proposed. The new model encompasses the good features of the Lee and Carter (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992, 87: 659–671) model and its recent extensions, and for the very first time includes an exogenous factor which is a temperature‐related factor. The new model is shown to provide a significantly better‐fitting performance and more interpretable forecasts. An illustrative example of pricing a life insurance product is provided and discussed.     

非下采样Contourlet HMT模型

非下采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）不仅具有类似传统小波变换和Contourlet变换的多尺度和多方向特性,而且还具有良好的平移不变特性．文中对NSCT变换系数进行研究,获得NSCT变换的方向子带系数同样具有持续性和聚集性的结论;在此基础上结合隐Markov树模型,建立了一种新的基于NSCT域的隐Markov树模型NSCT—HMT,并且给出了该模型的参数结构以及模型参数的训练方法;最后将所提出的模型应用于图像去噪中取得了很好的仿真效果．     

基于产品回收定价的逆向物流车辆路径优化问题

针对逆向物流车辆路径优化问题,研究在产品回收定价调整和车辆路径优化调度结合方面存在的不足,以智能回收箱为研究对象,考虑多频次回收和车辆共享调度策略,提出基于产品回收定价的逆向物流车辆路径优化方案。首先构建了智能回收箱回收量与回收定价的线性函数,然后构建了包含共享车辆运输成本、维护成本、违反时间窗惩罚成本和环境外部性收益之和最小化的逆向物流回收运营成本模型,并建立了回收中心产品的最大化收益模型。其次,根据模型特点设计了考虑智能回收箱地理位置、回收频次和回收时间窗的K-means时空聚类算法,进而提出一种改进的GA-PSO混合算法。该混合算法结合了遗传算法全局搜索能力强与粒子群算法收敛速度快的特点进行了算法间的优势互补,同时采用了精英保留策略,增强了混合算法的搜索性能,并通过与HGA、GA-TS和HACO等算法进行比较分析,验证了模型和算法的有效性。最后,结合重庆市某智能回收物流网络的实际数据进行优化研究,分析了不同产品定价下的回收频次和车辆共享调度情况。结果表明,本文所提出的模型和算法能够进行产品回收定价策略的有效选择、产品回收车辆的资源共享以及合理的车辆路径优化调度,并可在回收中心获得...     

针对要点防空模型的作战兵力优化研究

为了在现代化联合防空作战中,根据蓝方火力配置,红方能够做出最优的兵力分配,使防空效能最大化。从要点防空的任务角度出发,对作战兵力分配进行建模优化,并对优化后的兵力分配效能进行评估。首先选定任务背景为近海小规模局部战争,对复杂作战情况进行抽象得到模型。对模型进行优化,求解得到红方最优兵力分配结果,提出一种新方法,简化了对有限制的类二项分布期望的求解,得到蓝方各类进攻力量成功突防的期望以及红方要点平均损耗期望,并用此值定量评估联合防空的兵力分配效能。最后,进行了实例分析,验证了模型的有效性。     

关于λ-修改的Wiener指数

令（n，△）是具有n个顶点，最大度为△的树的全体．1．△（n）是具有n个顶点且每个顶点的度是1或△的树的全体．对于任意λ≠0，本文分别在（n，△）和。1.△（n）中确定了具有最大的五一修改的Wjener指数的极值图．     

信息不完全与资产组合理论的文献综述

介绍了信息不完全与资产组合理论的基本理论成果,指出作为信息情报科学与经济学的交叉学科,现代资产组合理论是这一领域最为成功和最活跃的理论.