Mechanochemical synthesis and high-capacity performances of transition-metal borides as aqueous anode materials

Transition-metal borides MB0.5(M = Co,Mo,V) were synthesized by high-speed mechanical ball-milling of the corresponding elemental metals and boron,and investigated as aqueous anode materials.The as-synthesized borides can achieve an excellent discharge capacity,about twice that of their parent transition metals.The metal boride electrodes also exhibit polarizations about 100-300 mV lower than those of their parent metals.The galvanostatic discharge curve of CoB0.5 shows a single discharge voltage plateau as a result of simultaneous electro-oxidation of elemental cobalt and/or amorphous cobalt boride.Both MoB0.5 and VB0.5 show two well-defined voltage plateaus,corresponding to the electro-oxidation of the corresponding metal and boride.These results show that the coexisting transition metal and boride in the metal borides co-activate each other in the ball-milling process,thereby significantly enhancing their electrochemical performances.     

DCB—偶氮胂与钙显色反应的研究及应用

本文首次研究了DCB—偶氮胂与钙的显色反应。在PH9.18—10.0的条件下,钙与DCB—偶氮胂形成1:2蓝色络合物,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.20×10~4l.mol~(-1)cm~(-1)。用乙酰丙酮作掩蔽剂,成功地测定了合成试样及水样中的钙。     

甲苯歧化催化剂TA-3丝光沸石的失活动力学

采用MRGC-80型高压微反色谱联合装置,在400～470℃、3MPa下研究了文题。建立了数学模型,得到了反应速率常数和失活速率常数、反应级数和失活级数、反应和失活表观活化能。结果表明,催化剂失活为独立失活,失活级数随过程变化。从失活级数推测其失活机理为平行连串失活,反应物甲苯、产物苯和二甲苯均能引起催化剂失活。反应压力在一定范围内对催化剂失活速率无明显影响,故可在较低的反应压力下研究催化剂失活动力学。温度对催化剂失活速率的影响不大,表明在所用温度范围内提高反应温度,对甲苯歧化反应过程是有利的。     

渣油热接触改质反应机理——Ⅰ.不同热载体反立性能的考察

采用X光衍射、程序升温脱附、扫描电镜、微活性测试及表面结构测试等方法,对不同热载体的性能与结构进行了考察。结果表明,热载体是一种具有低比表面、低催化活性的情性物质,孔径范围大多在15～60nm,热载体的孔结构类似于平行壁的狭缝状毛细孔结构。用胜利常压渣油作原料,在固定流化床反应器中考察不同热载体的反应性能,发现热载体结构对反应结果有很大影响,同时,热载体还有较强的抗重金属的污染能力。     

环氧端基聚丙烯酸正丁酯的光聚合反应机理

研究了以N.N-二(2,3环氧丙基)苯胺(DEA)-二苯甲酮(BP)或DEA-4-(2,3环氧丙氧基)二苯甲酮(EBP)为引发体系的丙烯酸正丁酯的光聚合动力学。提出了DEA-BP引发体系的丙烯酸正丁酯的聚合反应速率方程式。研究表明,DEA分子连结于大分子链的末端,DEA-EBP体系的光聚合引发速率较DEA-BP体系为快。     

A STUDY OF THE IMPOVEMENT OF TENACITY OF POLYACRYLONITRILE PREOXIDED FIBRE BY USING CUPROUS SALT

Polyacrylonitrile preoxided fibre PANOF is an intermediate in carbon fibre preparation. Thequality of PANOF is closely related to the property and structure of carbon fibre. In this paper, thermal mechanical analysis(TMA), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), swell-ing differential scanning calorimetry(SDSC)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)wereused to study the increase in tenacity of PANOF from the precursor treated with cuprous salt It has been discovered that the cuprous salt reacts strongly with the uncyclized CN of PANOF,resulting in an increase in the tenacity of PANOF by 30%. The results shwo that the cause of thistenacity improvement is the formation of coordinated complex. Cu~+is the central ion, and PANOFthe ligand. It is due to the coordinate bond that the network structure is formed from uncyclizedCN of PANOF. Therefore the tenacity of PANOF is remarkably increased.     

铜盐对聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维增强作用的研究

聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维(以下简称PANOF)是碳纤维生产过程中的中间产品,其性能的好坏与最终产品碳纤维的优劣密切相关。本文采用热机械分折(TMA)、热失重分折(TGA)、溶胀差示扫描量热分折(SDSC)、X光电子能谱分折(XPS)等实验方法研究了铜盐对PANOF的增强作用。发现Cu~+与PANOF中未环化的氰基有着强烈的相互作用。经铜盐处理后所制得的PANOF,其强度可增加30％。研究结果表明,PANOF得以增强的原因是由于发生了以Cu~+为中心离子,PANOF作为配位体的络合作用。络合配位键的生成使未环化的氰基得以交联,交联网络的形成使PANOF的强度明显提高。     

溶质在作圆管层流的微极流体中的弥散——均匀化学反应效应

研究了溶质在作圆管层流的微极流体中弥散时的化学反应效应。在Taylor简化假定下,导出了相对浓度分布和等效扩散系数的解析式,并作了数值计算,分析了化学反应率参数α和微极参数九λ,T的效应。     

液相反应速度常数扩散极限值的计算和用途

系统地介绍了稀溶液中反应速度常数扩散极限值的推导和计算法,并用实例说明了它在判断实验数据和机理假设的合理性以及在实验设计方面的应用。