MGB probe assay for rapid detection of mtDNAl1778 mutation in the Chinese LHON patients by real-time PCR

Objective： Leber＇s hereditary optic neuropathy （LHON） is a maternally inherited degeneration of the optic nerve caused by point mutations of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA）. Many unsolved questions regarding the penetrance and pathophysiological mechanism of LHON demand efficient and reliable mutation testing. This study aims to develop a minor groove binder （MGB） probe assay for rapid detection of mtDNA11778 mutation and heteroplasmy in Chinese LHON patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Methods： Forty-eight patients suspected of having LHON and their maternal relatives underwent a molecular genetic evaluation, with 20 normal individuals as a control group at the same time. A real-time PCR involving two MGB probes was used to detect the mtDNA 1 1778 mutation and heteroplasmy. A linear standard curve was obtained by pUCmLHONG and pUCmLHONA clones. Results： All 48 LHON patients and their maternal relatives were positive for rntDNA11778 mutation in our assay, 27 heteroplasmic and 21 homoplasmic. Eighteen cases did not show an occurrence of the disease, while 9 developed the disease among the 27 heteroplasmic mutation cases. Eleven did not show an occurrence of the disease, while 10 cases developed the disease among 21 homoplasmic mutation cases. There was a significant difference in the incidence between the heteroplasmic and the homoplasmic mutation types. The time needed for running a real-time PCR assay was only 80 min. Conclusion： This real-time PCR assay is a rapid, reliable method for mtDNA mutation detection as well as heteroplasmy quantification. Detecting this ratio is very important for predicting phenotypic expression of unaffected carriers.     

高温耐火膨胀珍珠岩制品的研制

本文论述了一种新型高温粘合剂并用它生产耐高温膨胀珍珠岩制品。     

细菌纤维素在造纸工业中的应用和展望

介绍了细菌纤维素的结构特点和功能特性及其在造纸工业中的应用现状．着重介绍了细菌纤维素在无纺布中的应用研究,研究表明细菌纤维素作为无纺布的胶粘剂,具有良好的粘结能力和广泛的适用范围,可有效改善织物的强度和性能．其生物降解性能有助于环境友好的无纺布产品的技术开发．     

纳米钴粉的特性研究

以平常的钴盐溶液和草酸铵为原料,通过控制工艺条件、使用表面活性剂和其它添加剂,制出符合特定要求的草酸钴,进而制得纳米钴粉．用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、ＢＥＴ氮吸附、Ｘ射线衍射和还原－吸附法测可还原氧含量等手段对纳米钴粉进行表征,并进一步考察它与ＷＣ湿磨后的形貌变化和分布特征．结果表明：制出的纳米钴粉具有如下特性：分散性良好;基本呈球形;平均粒径≤４０ｎｍ;氧含量≤１．９２％（质量分数）．与ＷＣ湿磨后,这种纳米钴粉基本粘附在ＷＣ颗粒的外表．     

镍氢电池负极新型粘合剂及其电极性能

研究了一种镍氢电池负极－金属氢化物电极新型粘合剂ＳＢＳ,测定了以ＳＢＳ为粘合剂的电极性能,并与ＰＴＦＥ和ＨＰＭＣ两种粘合剂进行了对比。研究结果表明：采用ＳＢＳ作粘合剂的电极的耐碱性和柔性优于其它粘合剂,其放电容量、放电电位、大电流放电能力、内阻、电催化活性等性能也较好,尤其是循环性能优良,有望成为一种比较理想的金属氢化物电极粘合剂;ＳＢＳ的最佳加入量为１％左右。     

彩色胶结料的研究与应用

通过选择组成材料的不同配比,可配制出性能与优质石油沥青相比拟的系列彩色胶结料．该胶结料的性能指标达到了日本同类产品的技术标准,适用于不同气候的地区,且具有优良的路用性能．     

Preparation of Latex Film with Macropores and Their Applications in Pigment Dyeing

Aiming at improving the permeability of the pigment dyed fabrics,two kinds of hydrophilic polymers(polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP),and polyethylene glycol(PEG)were fed into the styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BuA)copolymer latex binder respectively to prepare films with macropores.The effects of the post-added polymers on the latex film formation process and film structures were studied and the performance of the dyed fabrics was evaluated.It was found that the drying process could still be divided into three stages even after the addition of PVP and PEG.And the water evaporation rate during the first and last stage remained the same as usual.However,after the addition of PVP,the onset of the second stage was delayed to high volume fraction,and PVP formed into spherical dispersion phase with 300 nm in diameter.It provided a great deal of interface between the latex polymer and the PVP phase,which led to an increase in the water evaporation rate during the second stage.A different case was found after the feeding of PEG.Firstly,the first stage ended at low volume fraction and a decreased evaporation rate was observed in the second stage.Secondly,the PEG dispersion appeared as finger-like structure in the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images with 9μm in length.After rinsing,pores were found only in the films formerly containing PVP or PEG,and the shapes and the sizes were closely correlated with the initial morphologies of the PVP or PEG domains.However,the shade of color,the abrasion fastness,and the permeability of the dyed fabric were independent of the type of the post-added hydrophilic polymer.     

盐蚀环境下沥青结合料化学组分及性能演化

为更好地认识盐蚀环境下沥青路面的性能损伤机理,在实验室内模拟除冰盐、融雪剂形成的盐蚀环境对沥青结合料的侵蚀作用。采用沥青四组分试验和原子力显微镜(AFM)试验评价沥青的化学组分及表面微纳观形貌特性。开展针入度、软化点、延度和粘度试验,探讨盐蚀环境下沥青结合料的性能演化情况。结果表明：在氯盐溶液中干湿循环和冻融循环处理后,沥青中的饱和分和芳香分含量减少,沥青质和胶质含量增加。沥青结合料表面粗糙度和蜂形结构面积百分比出现不同程度的下降。在盐蚀环境下,沥青结合料的针入度和延度均有不同程度的下降,软化点和粘度出现不同程度的升高。沥青结合料性能劣化的主要原因是在盐蚀环境中沥青的化学组分发生改变,出现一定程度的“盐老化现象”。     

一种基于代理模型引导采样的多目标优化方法

针对复杂的实际工程多目标优化问题,提出代理模型引—手采祥的多目标优化方法。通过自适应的加强径向基函数构造的代理模型寻找Pareto优化解集,从找到的解集中通过一定策略筛选出部分作为样本点加入到下代样本空间中,样本点随着迭代的进行越来越靠近全局Pareto最优解集。从当前所有样本点中获得Pareto解,并根据其分布情况作为收敛条件。该方法中代理模型仅仅用来引导采样,也不需要反复计算大量样本点验证代理模型的精度,得到的解都被实／承模型验证过。在雌利害目标测试函数中体现了精度和效率。最后成功应用于薄板冲压成形变压边力优化中,表明了具有解决多目标实际工程优化问题的能力。     

木质复合材料防腐方法综述

综述了木质复合材料的防腐方法,介绍并分析了原料选择及单元预处理、制造过程处理及成品处理三大防腐方法及其特点和关键。对由各种木材单元胶合重组的复合材料而言,制造过程防腐处理最为高效便利,但应注意防腐剂与生产工艺及胶黏剂的相容性。提出木质复合材料的防腐应根据其组成单元、结构、用途、生产工艺和所用的胶黏剂,对不同产品选择合适的防腐方法及防腐剂。