基于多普勒频移的双基地声纳目标速度测量

针对单基地声纳仅可获得目标的径向速度以及双基地声纳有大量冗余信息的问题,提出利用单/双基地复合工作的声纳系统求解目标二维速度矢量（速度大小、航向）的方法。为了获得目标的二维速度矢量,在双基地声纳系统中,分析了双基地声纳多普勒频移的特性,并与单基地作了比较;结合单、双基地所获得的多普勒频移特性信息,给出了目标二维速度矢量的两种计算方法;并对目标速度测量误差进行了分析。结果表明,采用单/双基地复合工作的声纳系统,可以完成目标二维速度矢量的测量,而测量误差则与系统的频移分辨力及目标与收、发基地间的相对位置有关。     

Adaptive compensating method for Doppler frequency shift using LMS and phase estimation

The novel compensating method directly demodulates the signals without the carrier recovery processes, in which the carrier with original modulation frequency is used as the local coherent carrier. In this way, the phase offsets due to frequency shift are linear. Based on this premise, the  compensation processes are: firstly, the phase offsets between the base band neighbor-symbols after clock recovery are unbiasedly estimated among the reference symbols; then, the receiving signals symbols are adjusted by the phase estimation value; finally, the phase offsets after adjusting are compensated by the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. In order to express the compensation processes and ability clearly, the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation signals are regarded as examples for Matlab simulation. BER simulations are carried out using the Monte-Carlo method. The learning curves are obtained to study the algorithm’s convergence ability. The constellation figures are also simulated to observe the compensation results directly.     

Parametric estimation of ultra wideband radar targets

Based on the analysis of impulse response properties, a scattering model of ultra wideband (UWB) radar targets is developed to estimate the target parameters exactly. With this model, two algorithms of multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and matrix pencil (MP), are introduced to calculate the scattering center parame-ters of targets and their performances are compared. The simulation experiments show that there are no differ-ences in the estimation precision of MUSIC and MP methods when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is larger than 13 dB. However, the MP method has a better performance than that of MUSIC method when the SNR is smaller than 13 dB. Besides, the time consuming of MP method is leas than that of MUSIC method. Therefore, the MP algorithm is preferred for the parametric estimation of UWB radar targets.     

基于KLD采样的自适应UPF非线性状态估计方法

针对标准UPF算法存在的计算量大、实时性差的问题,设计了一种利用KLD采样在线实时改变粒子个数的自适应UPF算法.该算法的核心思想是利用KLD采样原理,根据预测粒子在状态空间中的分布情况来在线实时的确定下一次滤波迭代所需的粒子个数,减少对滤波算法没有帮助的粒子,仅保留保证滤波估计精度所需的最少粒子个数,从而有效减小算法的运算量,提高算法的实时处理能力.最后,将自适应UPF算法与粒子滤波、标准UPF算法进行了仿真比较,仿真结果表明在保持高精度估计能力的同时,自适应UPF算法比标准UPF算法具有更好的实时性,是解决非线性非高斯系统状态估计问题的一种有效方法.     

基于EM算法的水下目标辐射噪声模型参数估计

对水下目标辐射噪声的混合高斯模型进行参数估计时,针对极大似然函数很难求解的问题,研究了一种使用海洋环境噪声统计信息的期望值最大算法(EM算法).在对Bouvet和Schwartz水下目标辐射噪声信号和海洋环境噪声模型研究的基础上,修正了传统的EM统计算法,以降低计算的复杂度,提高迭代收敛速度.仿真结果和实船信号实验数据的一致性,表明基于EM算法的混合模型参数估计方法,使得参数估计复杂度降低,运算量明显减少,估计性能较好,具有很好的应用价值.     

Testing serial correlation in semiparametric varying coefficient partially linear errors-in-variables model

The authors propose a V _{N, p} test statistic for testing finite-order serial correlation in a semiparametric varying coefficient partially linear errors-in-variables model. The test statistic is shown to have asymptotic normal distribution under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation. Some Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed V _{N, p} test statistic. Simulation results confirm that the proposed test performs satisfactorily in estimated size and power. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10871217 and 40574003; the Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Education Committee under Grant No. KJ080609; the Doctor's Start-up Research Fund under Grant No. 08-52204; and the Youth Science Research Fund of Chongqing Technology and Business University under Grant No. 0852008.     

基于无线局域网定位的误差关键因素分析与仿真

在基于无线局域网定位问题中,采样点间距、接入点的个数以及环境的干扰是影响定位平均误差的重要因素,但是对于这些参数的选取目前还没有系统的指导,主要根据经验来确定.提出了一个表示定位平均误差的数学模型,形式化地全面概括了定位问题中的关键因素.基于该模型,分析了采样点间距,接入点个数和环境与定位平均误差之间的关系.仿真结果表明采样点间距取1米即可满足定位的要求,选择多于3个接入点的定位对于弥补环境干扰,减小定位误差有显著的作用.     

反演海底参数的不确定性对声传播损失预报的影响

浅海混响反演海底声学参数的结果通常被直接用于计算(预报)声传播损失(TL),而很少考虑参数反演结果的不确定性对TL预报的影响.首次采用后验预报概率方法分析浅海混响垂直相关反演海底参数结果的不确定性对TL预报的影响.一次海上实验数据处理的结果表明:3个不同深度、1～5km传播距离内,500～800Hz频段相干TL在相干极大值附近其后验预报概率分布较为分散,而在其他区域较为集中,相应的最大90%置信区间(CI)超过20dB,整体距离上的平均90%CI也超过6dB;相同条件下非相干TL的后验预报概率均很好地收敛于最优值,相应的最大90%CI不超过5dB,距离平均90%CI小于3dB.     

一种多目标优化问题的混合优化算法

利用分布估计算法(EDA)的全局搜索性能及差分进化(DE)算法的局部优化能力,提出了一种多目标优化问题的混合智能求解方法DE-EDA.DE-EDA的子代个体由两部分构成,一部分按差分进化算法生成,另一部分则是通过对分布估计算法的概率模型进行随机采样生成.利用模拟退火技术在线调整尺度因子Pr,即在进化的初期选择较大的Pr,以保证EDA起主导作用,由EDA引导DE搜索向Pareto前端,增加全局搜索能力,然后在进化的过程中逐渐降低Pr,使得DE逐渐占据主导作用,确保解精确收敛到Pareto前端.通过4组基准函数来测试算法性能,并与NSGA-Ⅱ和DE算法进行实验比较,结果表明该方法不仅解的多样性和分布性好,而且能够有效提高种群进化的收敛速度,是一种求解多目标优化问题的有效方法.     

基于线性预测和最小二乘估计的缺陷阵波束形成

针对阵元失效时缺陷阵的波束形成问题,采用线性预测和最小二乘估计两种方法对失效阵元的输出进行预测.通过对缺陷阵输出响应进行重构,从而有效地抑制由于阵元失效而产生的旁瓣级提高以及基阵指向性的下降.仿真试验结果表明了方法的有效性.