含铜稀土复合氧化物的氧化活性

本文研究了不同配比电子型Ｎｄ－Ｃｅ－ＣＵ－Ｏ和空穴型Ｙ－Ｂａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ系列样品的ＣＯ氧化活性、晶体结构、程序升温氧脱附和导电性的特征．结果表明：超导体ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ１．５Ｏ７－ｘ和半导体Ｃｅ２ＣｕＯｘ具有良好ＣＯ氧化转化率．后者在１２０℃时，ＣＯ达到完全转化．ＸＲＤ证明它为２ＣｅＯ２和ＣｕＯ混合晶相．由于导电和催化反应机制完全不同，活性高低和样品导电性能间没有发现直接关联．讨论了含Ｃｅ、Ｃｕ样品的活性中心，认为ＣｅＯ２为吸附氧和供氧中心，而Ｃｕｎ＋为ＣＯ活化和氧化反应中心，而前者可能为控制步骤．两者紧密协同，使Ｃｕ２＋的氧化还原循环更容易进行．     

Heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere

Fine particles play an important role in the atmosphere. Research on heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles is one of the frontier areas of atmospheric science. In this paper, physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles in the atmosphere and the interactions between trace gases and fine particles are described, methods used in heterogeneous reactions research are discussed in detail, progress in the study of heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere is summarized, existing important questions are pointed out and future research directions are suggested.     

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,ZnO and TiO2,which are the main components of atmospheric particles,were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS),ion chromatography (IC),temperature-programmed desorption (TPD),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely,OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO42- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO3- species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO > MgO > TiO2 ≈ ZnO > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The specific area,basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

铁镍锆复合金属氧化物催化剂脱NOx性能研究

以浸渍法制备了Fe-O、Fe-N i-O、Fe-N i-Zr-O金属氧化物催化剂,考察了催化剂活性组分Fe的含量、反应温度、空速及催化剂的焙烧温度对催化剂催化活性的影响,并用XRD、BET技术对其进行了表征,结果表明催化剂Fe-N i-Zr-O比催化剂Fe-O、Fe-N i-O具有较好的脱除NOx的活性.     

氧化钴多孔薄膜的电化学制备及其超电容性能

采用恒电流沉积方法,以0.2 mol/L CoSO4 1.5 mol/L H2SO4为电镀液,在阴极大电流密度下,以氢气泡为模板,在石墨基体上成功制备了CoOx.yH2O多孔薄膜.通过扫描电子显微镜、循环伏安法和恒电流充放电技术等对CoOx.yH2O多孔薄膜的形貌及超电容性能进行表征和研究,并对CoOx.yH2O多孔薄膜的沉积机理进行了探讨.结果表明:CoOx.yH2O薄膜呈纳米/亚微米级的多孔结构,随阴极电流密度的增加,薄膜的孔径增大;同时,膜层具有优异的充放电性能和功率特性,比电容达64.8 F·g-1,并具有良好的稳定性.     

非化学计量对铁氧化物还原热力学平衡的影响

铁氧化物是具有非化学计量比的化合物,非化学计量对铁氧化物的还原过程带来一系列影响。本文采用Dieckmann缺陷模型和Weiss的浮氏体理想固溶体模型分别对非化学计量比的磁铁矿和浮氏体进行了热力学计算。同时根据电荷守恒和物质守恒,对铁氧化物固溶体的综合缺陷度δ与还原失重率和亚铁含量的关系进行了分析,以期对实验终产物的判定提供依据。通过理论分析与计算,最终明确了不同化学计量比的磁铁矿和浮氏体在不同温度下的平衡还原势PCO(H2),即相应的优势区图。在给定还原势的纯赤铁矿等温还原过程(未有金属Fe生成时),当失重率小于6%时,还原产物属于Fe3+占优势的磁铁矿区域;当失重率高于6%时,反应进入Fe2+占优势的浮氏体区域。     

铁柱去除地下水中的Cr(Ⅵ)污染

采用铁粉柱去除地下水中的Cr(Ⅵ)污染,研究了柱长期运行期间p H的变化及Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率,并对铁粉表面生成物进行了SEM成像、EDS能谱分析及Roman光谱识别。实验结果表明,随着运行时间的延长,出水p H不断上升,出水Cr(Ⅵ)稳定在1.31~1.54 mg/L,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率稳定在84.6%~86.9%。铁粉表面有钝化现象,生成物为Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4和FeOOH类的氧化物。     

磁电阻效应的研究进展

氧化物巨磁电阻效应在物理研究和磁存储、读写等实验应用方面的重要性,使得对该领域的研究成为当今凝聚态物理学和材料科学学中最前沿的领域之一.     

几种过渡金属氧化物在肉桂醛MPV还原中的作用

以几种负载在γ-Al2O3表面的过渡金属氧化物(La2O3、ZrO2、NiO、ZnO、CuO和CoOx)作为肉桂醛液相MPV反应的催化剂.实验结果表明,在相同的实验条件下,这些氧化物组分均对肉桂醛的MPV反应显示出不同的催化活性;在异丙醇和甲苯中这些氧化物对肉桂醛的MPV反应显示不同的活性;而La2O3的催化活性最高.