Introduction of manganese based lithium-ion Sieve-A review

With the large-scale use of lithium-ion batteries,the global demand for lithium resources has increased dramatically.It is essential to extract lithium resources from liquid lithium sources such as brine and seawater,as well as recycled waste lithium-ion batteries.Among various liquid lithium extraction technologies,lithium ionsieve(LIS) adsorption is considered to be the most promising method for its low energy consumption and environment-friendly.This method has advantages of excellent lithium uptake capacity,high selective,and good regeneration performance.In this review,we summarized the development of lithium manganese oxides(LMO)-type LIS,including the chemical structure,lithium intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism,preparation methods and forming technology of this material.The problems in the industrial application of ion-sieves are put forward,and the future research directions are prospected.     

纳米SiO2粒子复合对聚脲涂层耐蚀性能的影响

采用紫外光暴露+冷凝的紫外加速老化试验,结合表面形貌观察测试了纳米SiO2粉体复合聚脲涂层的光老化性能,采用3·5%NaCl溶液浸泡试验测试了涂层的耐海水浸泡腐蚀性能,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、自腐蚀电位和交流阻抗图谱等分析了不同涂层的耐蚀性能.结果表明:纳米SiO2粉体显著提高了芳香族聚脲涂层的耐蚀性能,自腐蚀电位由-40mV升高至60mV,电化学阻抗模值增加了约一个数量级,涂层进入迅速老化阶段的时间延长了约120h,在3·5%NaCl溶液中的浸泡寿命提高了约600h.     

Synthesis and characterization of Pt-MoOx-TiO2 electrodes for direct ethanol fuel cells

To enhance the CO-tolerance performance of anode catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells,carbon nanotubes were modified by titanium dioxide (donated as CNTs@TiO2) and subsequently served as the support for the preparation of Pt/CNTs@TiO2 and Pt-Mo/CNTs@TiO2 electrocatalysts via a UV-photoreduction method.The physicochemical characterizations of the catalysts were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),and infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed probe ammonia molecules.The electrocatalytic properties of the catalysts for methanol oxidation were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry technique.The results show that Pt-Mo/CNTs@TiO2 electrode exhibits the highest performance in all the electrodes.It is explained that,the structure,the oxidation states,and the acid-base properties of the catalysts are influenced due to the strong interaction between Ti and Mo species by adding TiO2 and MoOx to the Pt-based catalysts.     

颗粒活性炭负载锰氧化物对染料的吸附

本研究以亚甲基蓝和刚果红两种不同种类的染料作为吸附质,通过静态吸附实验,考察了载锰颗粒活性炭对它们的吸附行为。与传统活性炭相比,载锰后的颗粒活性炭显著提高了对亚甲基蓝和刚果红两种染料的吸附容量,具有更优异的吸附性能,Langmuir方程对吸附等温线进行了较好的拟合。     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

孔径可调介孔La-Co-Ce-O系复合氧化物的制备

采用有机模板剂去除法制备介孔La-Co-Ce-O系复合氧化物,研究溶液体系的pH值及模板剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)浓度对晶态和孔径结构影响;对制备的样品采用XRD测试和N2吸脱附方法表征其晶态结构和孔径结构。研究结果表明:该介孔氧化物具有较高的比表面积(高达160m2/g)和均匀的孔径;当pH值和CTAB浓度变化时,实现介孔La-Co-Ce-O系复合氧化物的孔径在3.0～21.0nm之间可调;制备条件的变化对介孔氧化物样品的晶态结构稍有影响。     

不同沉淀剂对铈锆复合稀土氧化物性能的影响

通过选用不同的沉淀剂,利用共沉淀法制备出掺杂过渡金属元素（Fe,Mn,Cu）的CeO_2^-ZrO₂多元稀土复合氧化物。样品用X射线衍射（XRD）,液氮吸附法（BET）测定比表面积和H2程序升温还原(H_2^-TPR)等进行了表征。研究结果表明：以碳酸铵作为反应的沉淀剂制得的样品,可以较好的形成固溶体,并且该固溶体具有大的比表面积,良好的低温还原性能以及高的储氧能力。样品经过1000℃,4h处理后,会发生烧结,其高温热稳定性需要进一步的加强。     

利用热双金属片对矩形波导谐振腔温度补偿方法的研究

本文讨论了温度对矩形波导谐振腔谐振频率的影响,以及热双金属材料的特性.根据热双金属材料的温度特性,本文提出了一种稳定谐振腔谐振频率、对谐振腔进行温度补偿的方法.实验证实通过这种温度补偿的方法是非常有效的.     

氧化锌基复合氧化物光催化剂的研究进展

为了进一步提高ZnO 的光催化效率和实际应用性,人们将其与禁带宽度不同的氧化物复合.综述了近几年来ZnO 基复合氧化物光催化剂的研究进展.     

Staged reaction kinetics and characteristics of iron oxide direct reduction by carbon

Staged reduction kinetics and characteristics of iron oxide direct reduction by carbon were studied in this work. The characteristics were investigated by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and quadrupole mass spectrometry. The kinetics parameters of the reduction stages were obtained by isoconversional (model-free) methods. Three stages in the reduction are Fe₂O₃→Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄→FeO, and FeO→Fe, which start at 912 K, 1255 K, and 1397 K, respectively. The CO content in the evolved gas is lower than the CO₂ content in the Fe₂O₃→Fe₃O₄ stage but is substantially greater than the CO₂ contents in the Fe₃O₄→FeO and FeO→Fe stages, where gasification starts at approximately 1205 K. The activation energy (E) of the three stages are 126–309 kJ/mol, 628 kJ/mol, and 648 kJ/mol, respectively. The restrictive step of the total reduction is FeO→Fe. If the rate of the total reduction is to be improved, the rate of the FeO→Fe reduction should be improved first. The activation energy of the first stage is much lower than those of the latter two stages because of carbon gasification. Carbon gasification and Fe_xO_y reduction by CO, which are the restrictive step in the last two stages, require further study.