Synthesis and application of bilayer-surfactant-enveloped Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles: water-based bilayer-surfactant-enveloped ferrofluids

Superparamagnetic carbon-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with high magnetization (85 emu·g-1) and high crystallinity were synthesized using polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG (4000)) as a carbon source. Fe₃O₄ water-based bilayer-surfactant-enveloped ferrofluids were subsequently prepared using sodium oleate and PEG (4000) as dispersants. Analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with a bilayer surfactant coating retain the inverse spinel-type structure and are successfully coated with sodium oleate and PEG (4000). Transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and particle-size analysis results indicate that the coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles also retain the good saturation magnetization of Fe₃O₄ (79.6 emu·g-1) and that the particle size of the bilayer-surfactant-enveloped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is 42.97 nm, which is substantially smaller than that of the unmodified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (486.2 nm). UV–vis and zeta-potential analyses reveal that the ferrofluids does not agglomerate for 120 h at a concentration of 4 g·L-1, which indicates that the ferrofluids are highly stable.     

New insights into the effects of silicon content on the oxidation process in silicon-containing steels

Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) was used to investigate the effects of silicon content on the oxidation kinetics of silicon- containing steels under an atmosphere and heating procedures similar to those used in industrial reheating furnaces for the production of hot-rolled strips. Our results show that when the heating temperature was greater than the melting point of Fe₂SiO₄, the oxidation rates of steels with different silicon contents were the same; the total mass gain decreased with increasing silicon content, whereas it increased with increasing oxygen content. The oxidation rates for steels with different silicon contents were constant with respect to time under isothermal conditions. In addition, the starting oxidation temperature, the intense oxidation temperature, and the finishing oxidation temperature increased with increasing silicon content; the intense oxidation temperature had no correlation with the melting of Fe₂SiO₄. Moreover, the silicon distributed in two forms: as Fe₂SiO₄ at the interface between the innermost layer of oxide scale and the iron matrix, and as particles containing silicon in grains and grain boundaries in the iron matrix.     

面向复合材料带隙预测的两段式集成学习模型构建

带隙是钙钛矿型复合氧化物材料重要的特征参数, 对材料的物理化学性质起决定性作用, 如导电性能和光电性能等. 为了寻找适合不同应用领域的钙钛矿型材料, 利用机器学习进行带隙预测是一种重要的研究手段. 构建了一个两阶段异质集成学习模型, 在第一阶段使用多种不同的基础机器学习器(回归模型)进行预测; 在第二阶段把对预测结果影响较大的描述子和基础机器学习器进行集成学习.利用该模型对 210 种钙钛矿型复合氧化物材料的带隙进行预测, 并与多种独立的机器学习算法以及不同集成策略模型的预测性能相对比, 评估了本模型的预测性能. 结果表明, 这种两段式的集成学习模型能够更好地学习到材料数据的内在关系, 并具有较好的预测效果和较强的泛化能力.     

Micro-structure sensors based on ZnO microcrystals with contact-controlled ethanol sensing

ZnO microcrystals are synthesized through a facile solution method and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. The ethanol sensing properties of these microcrystals are investigated by spin-coating them on a silicon substrate with Pt electrodes to fabricate a micro-structure sensor. The sensitivity is up to 8 when the sensor is exposed to 50 ppm ethanol, and the response time and recovery time are 10 s and 20 s, respectively. A contact-controlled model is established to explain the sensing properties of the microcrystals, which provides another approach to realize high-performance gas sensors.     

Ti、Zr、Bi、Mn氧化物掺杂对PbCrO4可逆热色性的影响

本文研究了以 Ｐｂ Ｃｒ Ｏ４ 为基质材料，利用固相反应掺入 Ｔｉ、 Ｚｒ、 Ｂｉ、 Ｍｎ 的氧化物，通过热色性检测和可见反射光谱测定发现产物具有明显的可逆热色性、稳定的化学性质和较低的变色温度，并对热色性机理进行了探讨．     

四角炉煤粉再燃的实验研究

再燃是一种有效的低NOx燃烧技术,其效果与一定的锅炉燃烧方式相联系。文章研究了四角炉煤粉再燃技术,着重说明了主燃区过量空气系数对再燃实现锅炉低NOx排放的影响,以及再燃方式对锅炉性能的影响。     

自然水体生物膜中铁、锰氧化物的形态分析

利用逐级提取法分析了向海湿地水环境培养的生物膜上铁、 锰氧化物的形态, 结果表明, 不同类型水环境培养的生物膜上铁氧化物的存在形态以铁锰氧化物结合态为主 , 而锰氧化物的存在形态以有机质结合态为主, 生物膜上铁、 锰氧化物的存在形态是膜上铁氧化物吸附镉、 锰氧化物吸附铅相对吸附能力存在较大差异的原因.     

超临界CO_2与环氧丙烷和甲醇催化反应体系研究

以负载型氧化物为催化剂 ,研究了二氧化碳在超临界条件下 ,与甲醇和环氧丙烷一步合成碳酸二甲酯的反应性能 .发现反应中的DMC是由PO和二氧化碳环加成合成的PC与甲醇进行酯交换所生成的 ,甲醇对PO和二氧化碳合成PC具有促进作用 ,催化剂具有较好的催化活性和稳定性     

半导体金属氧化物的室温固相合成研究

以无机盐为原料,用室温固相化学反应直接合成了SnO2、In2O3、ZnO、Fe2O3等导体金属氧化物的纳米粉体,用X－射线衍射技术和透射电子显微镜对产物的物相和形貌进行了表征观察,结果表明,固相化学反应完全,所得产物为理论产物,且均为纳米粒子。     

新鲜铁表面锈蚀过程的拉曼光谱研究

实验采用共焦显微拉曼光谱技术测量水体系中的纯铁电极表面,获得了铁电极表面在激光照射下生成的氧化铁物种随时间而变的拉曼光谱,得到了铁电极表面在拉曼光谱测量中生成的锈蚀产物的结构变化过程。