Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach

Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.     

Morphological,biochemical and molecular changes during ectomycorrhiza development

Summary An ectomycorrhiza, a specialized root organ, is the result of a complex interaction leading to a finely-tuned symbiosis between a plant and a compatible ectomycorrhizal fungus. Ultrastructural observations combined with cytochemical and biochemical studies reveal that structural and metabolic changes in the symbiont cells lead to the final phenotype of the active ectomycorrhiza. In the present review these changes are interpreted as changes in gene expression and discussed within the context of ectomycorrhiza development. Recent genetic data indicate that the continued vegetative growth of the ectomycorrhizal hyphae and the root tissues, and their ability to switch to symbiotic organ formation, is basically controlled by developmentally critical genes. The activity of these symbiotic genes during the differentiation of ectomycorrhizas is associated with extensive changes in the concentration of particular polypeptides and protein biosynthesis. The present state of knowledge about the developmental biology of ectomycorrhizas allows only speculation about the events during their development.Puisant mes forces aux sources des galaxies En buvant la sève des arbres M. Jonasz     

海峡两岸科技发展体系架构对比研究

本文通过海峡两岸科技发展体系架构的对比分析，揭示出台湾在IT领域内的领先优势得益于应用科技研究方面的优势，即通过以工研院为核心的科技研究及产业情报体系、通过多种性质研究机构并存在的方式，促进民间资金投入，推动技术的产业化。     

基于"体验经济"理念的旅游发展战略研究

旅游业已成为众多地区经济发展的重要依托，而体验经济时代的来临，赋予了旅游业新的内涵与机遇。在分析了“体验经济”的内涵及其与旅游的关系的基础上，从旅游发展现状综合评价、旅游发展总体目标的制定、旅游资源的整合和旅游市场的开拓四个方面探讨了基于“体验经济”理念的旅游发展战略的制定。     

物理教学与能力培养

能力培养不仅是摆在职业教育面前的首要问题，也是决定学校生存发展和学生命运的关键．本文是针对教学的基本理论论述物理教学与能力发展关系，并提出了具体方法．     

关于福建东山岛文化旅游开发的构思

在福建省名的旅游资源中，北有武夷山，南有东山岛，北山南海，成了鲜明而又互补的南北特色。而在发展过程中，东山岛与武夷山相比却有相当大的差距，究其原因乃是后开发思路的滞后。因此就东山现有的化旅游资源进行整合，研究东山化旅游的开发现状，并在此基础上提出新的开发思路是十分必要的。     

西部人力资源开发问题研究

人力资源开发是西部大开发的客观要求 ,是促进西部地区产业结构调整的关键环节 ,是解决西部地区诸多社会问题的重要途径。只有以观念更新为前提 ,以优化环境为基础 ,以教育优先为关键 ,以政府作用为保障 ,才能有效地解决西部地区人力资源开发方面存在的诸多问题 ,保证西部大开发战略的顺利实施。     

地籍图自动套界软件的设计

描述了基于CIS技术的地籍图自动套界软件的总体设计方案与实现方法，并对其主要功能和所使用的关键技术进行了简要的介绍。     

在心脏组织表达的一个人类新基因

KRAB／C2H2型锌指蛋白是一类具有重要功能的转录调节因子，初步克隆了一个新的人类KRAB／C2H2型锌指蛋白基因，经国际基因命名委员会批准命名为ZNF382，此基因长2824bp，含5个外显子，4个内含子，在基因组DNA上长约23kb，它编码548个氨基酸，在氮末端含一个KRAB框，碳末端含一个未成形的锌指(VZF)和9个锌指(ZF)，Northern杂交结果表明，ZNF382mRNA在早期胚胎时期(至少在妊娠34d之前)就开始表达，在不同时期人类胚胎组织中广泛表达，包括小脑、肾、大脑、肺、心脏、骨骼肌、舌和肾上腺，在成人组织其表达限制在心脏，其结构和表达特征预示着ZNF382在心脏发育和功能的发挥起着潜在的作用。     

江泽民对中华文化的继承和发展

优秀的文化传统，无论过去、现在和未来都是中华民族安身立命的依赖，是继往开来的凭藉。作为党的第三代领导核心的江泽民，高度重视有中国特色社会主义文化建设，对中华文化在新世纪的继承、创新和发展进行了积极的、极富成效的探索，取得了一系列重大理论成果。