湖泊富营养化灰色评价模型及其应用

将待评价湖泊富营养化指标组成参考数列,湖泊富营养化评价标准指标组成被比较数列,根据灰色关联度定义,运用扩展的最小二乘方准则构造目标函数,通过求条件极值建立了湖泊富营养化灰色评价模型。应用该模型对我国１８个主要湖泊的富营养化进行了评价,并与用其它方法评价的结果进行了对比.     

杭州西湖换水的掺混特性

本文以水温垂线分布和水体物质浓度平面分布的现场实测资料为基础,考虑了风对浅水湖泊的显著效应,通过密度福氏数的分析,阐明了西湖中的小南湖换水时水体运动特性及其所属类型.在此基础上,导得物质浓度变化的计算式,并用实际资料予以验证,从而对改善湖水水质的经济合理换水方式进行了原则探讨.     

介质阻挡放电的气体参量和电学参量

在10kHz频率级上，用李萨茹图形法测量了介质阻挡放电连续处理装置的放电功率；分析了低频介质阻挡放电的电压分布；研究了氩气以及氩气分别与氮气、氢气和氧气混合后的气体成分、气流量对放电效果的影响；系统测量分析了气体放电时的最大转变电压以及相应的极板充电电流、放电功率和功率密度随气隙厚度的变化。     

Lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in the circumventricular organs of rat brain following neonatal monosodium glutamate

Glutamate (glu) an excitatory neurotransmitter amino acid, is present in high concentrations in the mammalian central nervous system and is the most abundant amino acid in our daily diet. In the present study the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were evaluated in the circumventricular organs (CVO) of the brain in 25-day-old rats following MSG administration at a dose of 4 mg/g b.wt during the first ten days of life. The results show the LDH activity increased to 265% of that in the control (p<0.001), whereas GDH activity was significantly decreased (p<0.05), The great elevation in LDH, a cytoplasmic marker enzyme, is apparently due to cytoskeletal changes brought about as a consequence of glu toxicity, whereas lowered GDH activity indicates altered glu homostasis in the blood-brain-barrier deficient areas following neonatal exposure to glu.     

跨世纪的徐州市水运网建设布局研究

简单回溯徐州市水运发展历程，剖析其存在问题及原因，综合评价其战略地位和基本条件，根据航道及水运发展的基本原则，着重提出了跨世纪的市域航道建设与布局的“一个中心，两大通道，三片循环，四面出口”总格局．     

A relevant in vitro rat model for the evaluation of blood-brain barrier translocation of nanoparticles

Poly(MePEG₂₀₀₀cyanoacrylate-co-hexadecylcyanoacrylate) (PEG-PHDCA) nanoparticles have demonstrated their capacity to reach the rat central nervous system after intravenous injection. For insight into the transport of colloidal systems across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we developed a relevant in vitro rat BBB model consisting of a coculture of rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) and rat astrocytes. The RBECs used in our model displayed and retained structural characteristics of brain endothelial cells, such as expression of P-glycoprotein, occludin and ZO-1, and immunofluorescence studies showed the specific localization of occludin and ZO1. The high values of transendothelial electrical resistance and low permeability coefficients of marker molecules demonstrated the functionality of this model. The comparative passage of polyhexadecylcyanoacrylate and PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles through this model was investigated, showing a higher passage of PEGylated nanoparticles, presumably by endocytosis. This result was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Thanks to a good in vitro/in vivo correlation, this rat BBB model will help in understanding the mechanisms of nanoparticle translocation and in designing new types of colloidal carriers as brain delivery systems.Received 4 March 2005; accepted 14 April 2005     

Decision-making at the surface of the intact or barrier disrupted skin: potential applications for vaccination or therapy

The skin is a highly accessible organ and constitutes an active immunological site. Both these properties make this surface an attractive route for what promises to be a cost-effective, simple, practical and needle-free delivery of vaccines and immunomodulators. Less obvious is the fact that the state of the skin barrier can influence quantitative and qualitative aspects of antigen-specific immune responses. The everyday decision-making at the skin epithelium concerns the choice between the induction of an immune response and the establishment of a state of non-responsiveness (tolerance). This decision is influenced by various factors such as the dose, the route (intact vs barrier-disrupted skin), the cytokine microenvironment and the nature of the antigenic stimulus. By increasing our understanding of how immune responses are regulated in the epidermis we can envisage the development of immunisation protocols aimed at eliciting a protective immune response or inducing tolerance, with direct applications to preventive or therapeutic vaccination, respectively.Received 29 November 2004; received after revision 2 February 2005; accepted 22 February 2005     

Dating recent lake sediments using spheroidal carbonaceous particle （SCP）

Dating lake sediment using sedimentary event is the supplement and calibration to traditional dating by radionuclide such as ^210Pb and ^137Cs. Based on the change of spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) concentration, the age sequence of lake sediments can be deduced. It is one of the dating methods using sedimentary event. SCP is formed from combustion of fossil fuel at high temperature up to1750℃ and at a rate of heating of approaching 104℃/s. It can be dispersed to several hundred kilometers away from its source and deposited with precipitation or dryly deposited, and kept in sediments. Compared with Cs or Pb, there is no evidence for SCP that it decays in lake sediments and is unremovable once stored except by physical disturbance because it is mainly composed of element carbon. Handy method to extract, identify and calculate has been developed. Although fossil fuel has been used early in China, combustion at high temperature started later since emergence of electricity generation. The productivity of SCP is positively related with the generated thermal power, which is reflected as the SCP concentration in lake sediments increases with the increase of generated thermal power. Therefore, reliable sediment markers from the start of the SCP record and the remarkable variation can be used for dating purpose. In China, electricity industry started from the 1950s, and rapid increase of generated power took place since 1978. Based on these time markers, SCP time sequences of lake sediment cores LH and LL-4 from Longgan Lake, the middle reach of the Yangtze River, have been established, which is comparable with the results from ^137Cs and ^210pb, and has eliminated the errors of dating using ^137Cs and ^210pb.     

历史上洞庭湖面积的变迁

本文根据历史资料,对所谓“洞庭湖方八百里”的说法进行了分析,并论证了各个历史时期的湖水面积的变动。作者估算:汉晋南朝时期的湖面积约为6,000平方公里,唐宋时期缩小为3,300平方公里,元明时期扩大到5,600平方公里左右,清代中期,缩小为不足4,000平方公里,清末又扩大达5,400平方公里,二十世纪上半叶基本变动于4,000至5,000平方公里之间。湖面积这种周期性变化的原因就在于:湖底淤垫与湖泊水位抬升之间关系的演化,以及围湖垦殖活动的兴衰。