杭州西湖换水的掺混特性

本文以水温垂线分布和水体物质浓度平面分布的现场实测资料为基础,考虑了风对浅水湖泊的显著效应,通过密度福氏数的分析,阐明了西湖中的小南湖换水时水体运动特性及其所属类型.在此基础上,导得物质浓度变化的计算式,并用实际资料予以验证,从而对改善湖水水质的经济合理换水方式进行了原则探讨.     

Lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in the circumventricular organs of rat brain following neonatal monosodium glutamate

Glutamate (glu) an excitatory neurotransmitter amino acid, is present in high concentrations in the mammalian central nervous system and is the most abundant amino acid in our daily diet. In the present study the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were evaluated in the circumventricular organs (CVO) of the brain in 25-day-old rats following MSG administration at a dose of 4 mg/g b.wt during the first ten days of life. The results show the LDH activity increased to 265% of that in the control (p<0.001), whereas GDH activity was significantly decreased (p<0.05), The great elevation in LDH, a cytoplasmic marker enzyme, is apparently due to cytoskeletal changes brought about as a consequence of glu toxicity, whereas lowered GDH activity indicates altered glu homostasis in the blood-brain-barrier deficient areas following neonatal exposure to glu.     

跨世纪的徐州市水运网建设布局研究

简单回溯徐州市水运发展历程，剖析其存在问题及原因，综合评价其战略地位和基本条件，根据航道及水运发展的基本原则，着重提出了跨世纪的市域航道建设与布局的“一个中心，两大通道，三片循环，四面出口”总格局．     

A relevant in vitro rat model for the evaluation of blood-brain barrier translocation of nanoparticles

Poly(MePEG₂₀₀₀cyanoacrylate-co-hexadecylcyanoacrylate) (PEG-PHDCA) nanoparticles have demonstrated their capacity to reach the rat central nervous system after intravenous injection. For insight into the transport of colloidal systems across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we developed a relevant in vitro rat BBB model consisting of a coculture of rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) and rat astrocytes. The RBECs used in our model displayed and retained structural characteristics of brain endothelial cells, such as expression of P-glycoprotein, occludin and ZO-1, and immunofluorescence studies showed the specific localization of occludin and ZO1. The high values of transendothelial electrical resistance and low permeability coefficients of marker molecules demonstrated the functionality of this model. The comparative passage of polyhexadecylcyanoacrylate and PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles through this model was investigated, showing a higher passage of PEGylated nanoparticles, presumably by endocytosis. This result was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Thanks to a good in vitro/in vivo correlation, this rat BBB model will help in understanding the mechanisms of nanoparticle translocation and in designing new types of colloidal carriers as brain delivery systems.Received 4 March 2005; accepted 14 April 2005     

Decision-making at the surface of the intact or barrier disrupted skin: potential applications for vaccination or therapy

The skin is a highly accessible organ and constitutes an active immunological site. Both these properties make this surface an attractive route for what promises to be a cost-effective, simple, practical and needle-free delivery of vaccines and immunomodulators. Less obvious is the fact that the state of the skin barrier can influence quantitative and qualitative aspects of antigen-specific immune responses. The everyday decision-making at the skin epithelium concerns the choice between the induction of an immune response and the establishment of a state of non-responsiveness (tolerance). This decision is influenced by various factors such as the dose, the route (intact vs barrier-disrupted skin), the cytokine microenvironment and the nature of the antigenic stimulus. By increasing our understanding of how immune responses are regulated in the epidermis we can envisage the development of immunisation protocols aimed at eliciting a protective immune response or inducing tolerance, with direct applications to preventive or therapeutic vaccination, respectively.Received 29 November 2004; received after revision 2 February 2005; accepted 22 February 2005     

Dating recent lake sediments using spheroidal carbonaceous particle （SCP）

Dating lake sediment using sedimentary event is the supplement and calibration to traditional dating by radionuclide such as ^210Pb and ^137Cs. Based on the change of spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) concentration, the age sequence of lake sediments can be deduced. It is one of the dating methods using sedimentary event. SCP is formed from combustion of fossil fuel at high temperature up to1750℃ and at a rate of heating of approaching 104℃/s. It can be dispersed to several hundred kilometers away from its source and deposited with precipitation or dryly deposited, and kept in sediments. Compared with Cs or Pb, there is no evidence for SCP that it decays in lake sediments and is unremovable once stored except by physical disturbance because it is mainly composed of element carbon. Handy method to extract, identify and calculate has been developed. Although fossil fuel has been used early in China, combustion at high temperature started later since emergence of electricity generation. The productivity of SCP is positively related with the generated thermal power, which is reflected as the SCP concentration in lake sediments increases with the increase of generated thermal power. Therefore, reliable sediment markers from the start of the SCP record and the remarkable variation can be used for dating purpose. In China, electricity industry started from the 1950s, and rapid increase of generated power took place since 1978. Based on these time markers, SCP time sequences of lake sediment cores LH and LL-4 from Longgan Lake, the middle reach of the Yangtze River, have been established, which is comparable with the results from ^137Cs and ^210pb, and has eliminated the errors of dating using ^137Cs and ^210pb.     

历史上洞庭湖面积的变迁

本文根据历史资料,对所谓“洞庭湖方八百里”的说法进行了分析,并论证了各个历史时期的湖水面积的变动。作者估算:汉晋南朝时期的湖面积约为6,000平方公里,唐宋时期缩小为3,300平方公里,元明时期扩大到5,600平方公里左右,清代中期,缩小为不足4,000平方公里,清末又扩大达5,400平方公里,二十世纪上半叶基本变动于4,000至5,000平方公里之间。湖面积这种周期性变化的原因就在于:湖底淤垫与湖泊水位抬升之间关系的演化,以及围湖垦殖活动的兴衰。     

膨胀石墨对碱性嫩黄和聚乙二醇的竞争吸附性能

以硫酸为插层剂,高锰酸钾为氧化剂制备了膨胀石墨(EG)吸附剂.以聚乙二醇PEG(相对分子质量为10 000)和染料碱性嫩黄-O(ALYO)为吸附质,研究了其在EG上的吸附、竞争吸附热力学及动力学性能.研究表明:1)EG对ALYO和PEG都有一定吸附能力,ALYO和PEG在EG上的吸附及竞争吸附等温线均为I型;2)在2组分共存竞争吸附中,第2种吸附质的存在会降低第1种吸附质在EG上的吸附量,ALYO和PEG在EG相同结构位点上存在竞争吸附;3)竞争吸附中EG对2种组分的总吸附量高于单组分体系中单个组分的吸附量,ALYO和PEG可以分别吸附在EG的不同结构位点上;4)吸附和竞争吸附过程均可以用准二级模型来描述,吸附速率常数随吸附过程温度的升高而增大;5)吸附作用以物理吸附为主.     

白洋淀鲫外寄生周丛小车轮虫种群动态及车轮虫病的药物治疗

2010年4-10月对河北省白洋淀鲫Carassius auratus体表寄生的周丛小车轮虫Trichodinellaepizootica种群动态进行了研究,还应用中草药和化学药品进行了车轮虫病的药物治疗,以作为生产实践中鱼类车轮虫病控制的参考依据.结果表明,15～30℃周丛小车轮虫在鲫体表都能寄生,5月出现第1个高峰,8月达到第2个高峰(全年的最高峰),说明春夏季车轮虫病爆发的几率较高,表现出明显的季节性.以自然感染车轮虫的麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva为材料,分别采用雷丸槟榔散、百部贯众散、复方中草药Ⅰ和Ⅱ、苦参、青蒿和铜铁合剂等药物进行室内模拟的药物治疗实验.结果表明:中草药发挥作用所需时间比较长,一般要连续用药3～5d才有比较好的杀灭效果.用铜铁合剂进行杀灭实验时,实验剂量低,杀灭效果较好,但是实验期间有部分鱼类死亡.上述结果有助于预测车轮虫病发生的季节变动规律,从而及时采取防治措施,还有助于选择合适的治疗药物种类、剂量和施用时间,对车轮虫病进行治疗.