钛酸钡陶瓷粉末的低温燃烧合成

以Ba(NO3)2-TiO2-C6H7O8.H2O为体系,在600℃加热进行低温燃烧合成实验,制得粒度为1．2－1．4μm的四方相BaTiO3陶瓷粉体,结果表明燃烧的均匀程度对燃烧产物的相组成和微观结构有很大的影响,通过热力学分析,提出低温燃烧合成BaTiO3陶瓷粉末的形成机理。     

热处理对BaPbO3薄膜化学组成及薄膜电阻的影响

以可溶性无机盐为原料,乙二氨四乙酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸为复合螯合剂,水为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在Al2O3基片上制备了钙钛矿结构的BaPbO3导电薄膜.利用X射线衍射和能量散射X射线能谱表征方法,并结合薄膜方块电阻的测定,探讨了热处理方式和热处理温度对薄膜化学组成及薄膜电阻的影响.研究表明,与常规热处理技术相比,采用快速热处理工艺制备BaPbO3薄膜需要更高的热处理温度,同时,随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜中的Pb/Ba摩尔比下降,导致薄膜方块电阻上升.采用常规热处理方法,在670℃下保温10min可以制备膜厚约2.5μm、薄膜方块电阻为32Ω/□的BaPbO3薄膜.     

强钡星和弱钡星的比较

利用星风吸积模型,计算了钡星的初始质量和AGB伴星的金属丰度对弱钡星和强钡星超丰因子的影响,计算了弱钡星和强钡星重元素(Y,Nd)丰度随轨道周期终值的变化,并和观测值作了比较.由此得出结论:强钡星和弱钡星的区别主要是金属丰度不同(即年代不同),而不是轨道距离;弱钡星和强钡星相比,属于较年轻、质量较大、金属丰度较丰富的星族;这就意味,s-元素的核合成在低金属丰度星族更有效产生.     

氢氧化钡催化蓖麻油酯交换制备生物柴油

以蓖麻油为原料,用氢氧化钡作为非均相碱催化剂,酯交换反应制备生物柴油.比较了氢氧化钡与其他典型催化剂催化的产率,研究了反应醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间对生物柴油收率的影响.结果表明,蓖麻油在以氢氧化钡为催化剂的酯交换反应中适宜条件为:醇油摩尔比为6∶1,蓖麻油与催化剂摩尔比为10∶1,反应时间20min,在此条件下生物柴油收率达98.35%.     

BaNd0.01Ti1.02O3陶瓷的制备及其介电性能

目的研究钛过量对溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺钕钛酸钡粉体及其陶瓷的相组成、显微结构和介电性能的影响。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法制备BaNd0.01Ti1.02O3纳米晶粉体及其陶瓷，通过TEM，SEM，XRD等对钛酸钡基纳米晶粉体及其陶瓷的相组成和显微结构进行了表征，并测定陶瓷的介电性能。结果溶胶-凝胶法合成出BaNd0.01Ti1.02O3纳米晶粉体(35—50nm)，主晶相为立方相，在1350℃／2h烧结后为四方相细晶陶瓷，其居里温度为100℃，最大介电常数为8596，介电损耗为0．014。结论溶胶-凝胶法可制得BaNd0.01Ti1.02O3纳米晶粉体及其细晶陶瓷，钛过量可改善陶瓷的微观形貌和介电性能。     

Preparation and densification of BaTiO3 nanopowder by sol-gel autoigniting synthesis

Autoigniting synthesis of gel from Ba(NO3)2, TiO(NO3)2 and C6H8O7H2O aqueous solution was investigated at an initial temperature of 600℃ and tetragonal BaTiO3 nanopowder with particle size of 80nm was prepared. It is indicated that the specific surface area of the combustion product before and after calcination is 14.74 m2/g and 12.49 m2/g, respectively. The combustion wave is composed of solid phase reaction zone and gaseous phase flame reaction zone. The combustion flametemperature is 1 123 K derived from thermocouple measurement. The characteristics and densification behavior of the sol-gel autoigniting synthesized BaTiO3 nanopowder were investigated.     

有机膦酸钡负载的一类新型固体碱

首次用取代氨乙基膦酸H2O3PCH2CH2NR1R2(1a-f)与BaCl2反应合成了6种取代氨乙基膦酸钡BaO3PCH2CH2NR1R2载体(2a-f),载体经5%NaOH处理后制得固体碱(3a-f).固体碱用IR,TG,DTG,DSC,碱强度和水中游离碱量进行了表征,用指示剂法测得固体碱强度H-为9 3-15 0,用苯甲酸滴定法测定了载体和固体碱在水中的游离碱量.讨论了载体制备中,回流时间对载体和固体碱在水中的游离碱量的影响.固体碱用于催化Knoevenagel缩合反应,产率高,副反应少,可重复使用8次,且易于再生,是一种环境友好催化剂.     

Re-visiting barium isotope compositions of mid-ocean ridge basalts and the implications

Barium (Ba) isotopes can be used as potential tracers for crustal material recycling in the mantle. Determination of the Ba isotope composition of the depleted mantle is essential for such applications. However, Ba isotope data for mantle-derived basalts are still rare. In this study, we reported high-precision Ba isotope data of 30 oceanic basalts including 25 mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from geochemically and geologically diverse mid-ocean ridge segments and five back-arc basin basalts. The δ138/134Ba values of these samples varied from ?0.06‰ to +0.11‰, with no systematic cross-region variation. Together with published data, we constrained the average δ138/134Ba of global MORBs to +0.05‰±0.09‰ (2 standard deviation, n = 51). Based on depleted MORBs that have (La/Sm)_N < 0.8, low 87Sr/86Sr (< 0.70263), and low Ba/Th < 71.3, we estimated the average δ138/134Ba of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) as + 0.05‰ ± 0.05‰ (2SD, n = 16) that is significantly lower than the DMM (≈ 0.14‰) reported previously. If a new estimation of the DMM is applied, it is unreasonable to infer that the Ba isotope signatures of the “enriched-type” MORBs (E-MORBs) could be attributed to pervasive sediment recycling in the upper mantle. We, therefore, conclude that the Ba isotope compositions of the E-MORBs could be sourced from the incorporation of subducted altered oceanic crust and/or sediments depending on the Ba isotope composition and other geochemical information of the local mantle.     

ZnO和Nb2O5共掺杂钛酸锶钡陶瓷的结构及其介电性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了ZnO、Nb 2 O 5共掺杂Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3陶瓷材料,并用X射线衍射（XRD）和介电谱方法,分别对系列陶瓷样品的结构和复介电常数进行了测量.结果表明：1）Zn2＋、Nb5＋进入Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3晶格后仍然为钙钛矿型固溶体;2）Nb 2 O 5会使得材料的低温弥散相变过程转变为弛豫相变过程,并在300～360K区域内会出现新的弛豫过程;3）掺入一定量的ZnO后Nb2O5掺入降低了Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3陶瓷材料的介电常数,增大了其介电损耗.     

用中空纤维膜分散技术制备纳米颗粒

采用中空纤维膜为分散介质,以制备纳米BaSO₄为例,探索膜分散制备纳米颗粒技术。实验以Na₂SO₄溶液为连续相,将BaCl₂溶液通过中空纤维膜均匀分散到Na₂SO₄溶液中,在透过膜的微小液滴形成的微环境中实现两种溶液的微观混合,并反应生成BaSO₄颗粒。实验研究了膜组件构型、反应物浓度、分散剂、膜孔孔径大小等因素对BaSO₄颗粒形貌、大小和粒度分布的影响。结果表明：采用膜截留分子量为10000的中空纤维膜制成的浸没式膜组件,反应物Na₂SO₄和BaCl₂溶液浓度均为0.02mol/L,加入分散剂聚乙二醇(PEG)制得了平均粒径在10～30nm、球形度好、单分散性好的纳米BaSO₄颗粒.