Compact difference approximation with consistent boundary condition

For simulating multi-scale complex flow fields it should be noted that all the physical quantities we are interested in must be simulated well. With limitation of the computer resources it is preferred to use high order accurate difference schemes. Because of their high accuracy and small stencil of grid points computational fluid dynamics (CFD) workers pay more attention to compact schemes recently. For simulating the complex flow fields the treatment of boundary conditions at the far field boundary points and near far field boundary points is very important. According to authors' experience and published results some aspects of boundary condition treatment for far field boundary are presented, and the emphasis is on treatment of boundary conditions for the upwind compact schemes. The consistent treatment of boundary conditions at the near boundary points is also discussed. At the end of the paper are given some numerical examples. The computed results with presented method are satisfactory.     

低渗透油藏不稳定渗流规律的研究

用无因次分析法对低渗透岩心的实验数据进行了分析 ,得出新的渗流规律。具体表述为 :低于亚临界雷诺数 (Rem=8.5× 10 -5)为非达西渗流 ,其运动方程为v =c(dp/dl) 3 ;高于亚临界雷诺数为达西渗流。从微观角度出发 ,应用边界层理论进一步证实了这一渗流规律。运用新的运动方程 ,建立了低渗透油藏不稳定渗流的数学模型。根据拉氏变换和Stehfest数值反演 ,求得了有限半径井的实空间近似解 ,并应用数值分析方法验证了近似解析方法的可行性。对低渗透油藏的压力动态特征以及边界对压力动态影响的分析结果表明 ,低渗透油层试井曲线的压力动态特征为 :短时曲线与达西渗流模型相似 ,而长时曲线则受到非达西渗流的影响。对于恒压边界油藏 ,压力趋于稳定的时间比达西渗流要迟一些 ;在无限大地层中 ,其导数曲线是一簇平行的倾斜线。对于同一区域低渗透油层试井曲线 ,其导数曲线出现“阶跃”的时间较迟的井区 ,流动系数比较好 ;反之则较差     

空气水两相段塞流的跟踪模拟及试验研究

分析了前人提出的段塞跟踪模拟方法的优缺点 ,根据液塞头部的加速压降和入口液塞长度分布特征对段塞跟踪模型进行了改进。采用面向对象技术 ,实现了水平和倾斜管道段塞流的跟踪模拟 ,并与多相流试验环道的空气水试验数据进行了对比。模拟结果表明 ,当不考虑加速压降时 ,用跟踪模型预测的压降低于实测值 ;当考虑加速压降时 ,用跟踪模型预测的压降高于实测值。在管道上固定位置测出的压力信号符合正态分布 ,管道上某一固定点处液塞头部和尾部的速度分布也符合正态分布。当不考虑气泡尾波作用时 ,液塞长度沿管线增长较慢 ,分布形状无变化 ;但是考虑气泡尾波作用时 ,在入口附近液塞长度平均值增长较快 ,统计分布沿管轴向呈对数正态分布。     

Disaster Reduction Decision Support System Against Debris Flows and Landslides Along Highway in Mountainous Area

Highways in mountainous areas are easy to be damaged by such natural disasters as debris flows and landslides and disaster reduction decision support system (DRDSS) is one of the important means to mitigate these disasters. Guided by the theories and technologies of debris flow and landslide reduction and supported by geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing and database techniques, a DRDSS against debris flow and landslide along highways in mountainous areas has been established on the basis of such principles as pertinence, systematicness, effectiveness, easy to use, open and expandability. The system consists of database, disaster analysis models and decisions on reduction of debris flows and landslides, mainly functioning to zone disaster dangerous degree, analyze debris flow activity,simulate debris flow deposition and diffusion, analyze landslide stability, select optimal highway renovation scheme and plan disaster prevention and control ergineering. This system has been applied successfully to the debris flow and landslide treatment works along Palongzangbu Section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway.     

罗茨泵“8“字形转子渐开线曲面加工的探讨

渐开线曲面因其特性和成熟的加工方法被广泛应用于机械工程中.罗茨泵中转子上的渐开线曲面,常用的加工方法有数控镗铣、仿形铣、仿形刨等.本文通过对渐开线曲面形成和特性的分析,给出了在牛头刨床上用展成法加工渐开线曲面的方法.     

磁悬浮列车通过隧道时空气阻力的计算方法

首先从空气动力学基本原理出发 ,推导了按非恒定流计算磁悬浮列车在驶入、通过和驶出隧道 3种不同工况下空气阻力的表达式 .然后运用数值方法求出其数值解 ,并与实测和仿真模拟的结果进行比较 .最后分析了空气阻力与各影响因素之间的关系 ,给出了一些合理的解释和建议     

基于晶粒尺寸的结构钢热变形流变应力数学模型

从晶粒尺寸角度出发，提出晶粒形变度的概念，建立了一个用以描述金属材料热变形行为的数学模型，具有精度高、简单直观、受分界点影响小且计算曲线连续等优点．该模型具有一定微观物理基础，既能描述动态再结晶前的强化阶段，又能描述动态再结晶后软化阶段的热变形流变应力，对两种结构钢的热变形流变应力进行了计算，并与试验值及其他模型的计算结果进行了比较．     

离心风机蜗壳进口周向来流的非均匀性对其旋涡流动影响的数值研究

运用CFD技术对一离心风机整机作数值模拟，研究了蜗壳进口周向非均匀来流对其内旋涡结构、演化过程的影响．计算结果表明，蜗壳内各径向截面上产生了3个旋涡，一个进口涡和一对梯形涡，且都经历了初生、发展、耗散和溃灭等过程．与单蜗壳在周向均匀来流的假设下计算所得的旋涡结构相比，两者存在很大的差别，这说明只有考虑蜗壳来流的非均匀性影响，才能比较准确地模拟其内的旋涡运动．     

铁氰化钾化学发光体系测定盐酸肾上腺素

基于铁氰化钾可以在碱性条件下直接氧化盐酸肾上腺素产生化学发光这一现象,并结合流动注射技术建立了一种直接测定盐酸肾上腺素的流动注射化学发光新方法.该方法的线性范围在5 0×10-8～5 0×10-6g/mL,检出限为2 8×10-9g/mL(3σ).对5 0×10-7g/mL的盐酸肾上腺素连续11次测定的相对标准偏差为3 2%.该法已成功测定了注射液中的盐酸肾上腺素含量,结果令人满意.     

永磁非金属液体电磁泵磁场数值分析

将电磁泵体求解场域按二维平面场处理,考虑了外磁场对永磁体的磁化效应,用有限元法对永磁非金属液体电磁泵的磁场进行了数值分析,得到了该电磁泵气隙中的磁密曲线以及载流海水在气隙中流动所受到的电磁力.实验证明该数值分析的结果是准确的,这些数据为永磁非金属液体电磁泵的设计和应用提供了可靠依据,同时也说明了可用永磁体代替价格昂贵的超导磁体应用于非金属液体电磁泵的磁极设计.图7,参7.