Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies,Caudata, Salamandridae) from the Balkan Peninsula

We studied intraspecific and interspecific variations of early life‐history traits for four crested newt species with different habitat preferences. Although we found considerable variation in size and growth rate between offspring of conspecific females, the species effect appeared to be much more pronounced. The crested newt species we examined differed in egg size, size of larvae at hatching and growth rate. Triturus dobrogicus appeared to be the outlier species among these species, and showed (1) the smallest egg size, (2) the smallest larval size at hatching and (3) the longest larval period, resulting in the largest metamorphosed juveniles.     

学生成绩评价数学建模

为了解决学生的学习状态的评定问题。采用以学生成绩为基础,概率统计理论为依据,制定了两个综合评价学生成绩模型的方法。研究了学生的学习状况的评价。实践证明这两种方法能够更全面、客观、合理的评价学生的学习状况。该成果对学生的学习状况的评价具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: introduction and family Papilionidae

This article marks the beginning of a short series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. It commences with a brief overview of the topography, tectonic history, climate, ecological zonation and conservation significance of Africa's highest mountain. Following an introductory account to the butterfly fauna, the rest of this paper presents an annotated checklist of the swallowtails (Papilionidae). Eight papilionid species are currently believed to occur within the main forest zone, from 1800 to 2800 m (in places this zone extends down to c.1600 m). Another 10 have been recorded from the lower slopes, which include some disturbed forest and forest relicts, from 700–1800 m. The need for better data is discussed in light of the suggestion that the butterflies of Mount Kilimanjaro could become a focal group for monitoring effects of climate change. An identification key to families, together with a key to the swallowtail species and colour illustrations of adults, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

须丛曲线理论研究

提出了一种测量纤维长度的新制样方法——纤维条梳夹取样法,理论研究了以此法制取试样(即须丛)的纤维长度分布规律,建立了须丛曲线(纤维根数随长度变化规律)理论方程,获得了原样品长度质量分布与须丛曲线的数学关系,并推导出由须丛曲线计算原样品长度质量分布参数(平均长度、主体长度、品质长度、变异系数)的计算公式.     

A relay selection scheme based on geometric optimum in cooperative cognitive systems over mixed channels

This paper proposes a relay selection scheme based on geometric optimum principle to maximize the cognitive link＇ s connectivity with limited interference to primary user in cooperative cognitive systems. A dual-hop cognitive relay system is considered, in which the channel impulse response follows independent non-identical distribution （i. n. d. ） each hop, such as Rician, Rayleigh and Nakagami-m distribution. Then, closed-form expressions in terms of outage probability and average bit error rate （ABER） are obtained using amplify-and-forward （AF） relaying protocol over such mixed fading channels. Furthermore, the best range of the relay is derived. Extensive simulation re- suits are conducted to verify the theoretical analysis, which is useful to the network optimal design.     

The atyid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) rostrum: phylogeny versus adaptation,taxonomy versus trophic ecology

Cave shrimps of the subgenus Troglocaris (Atyidae), exhibit high variability in rostral length and dentition. In shrimp populations that co-occur with the amphibian predator Proteus anguinus, longer rostra armed with more numerous teeth are recorded. These shrimps are also larger than those living in a presumably Proteus-free environment. Discrepancies between molecularly established phylogenetic relationships and distributions of rostral length, as well as body size, directed our search towards possible environmental influences. These discrepancies suggest that rostral shape is not a reliable taxonomic character in some generic and many specific diagnoses in Atyidae. We discuss some taxonomic consequences of sexual and ontogenetic rostral differences with regard to the molecular phylogenetic tree. In preliminary laboratory observations, no frontal attack by Proteus was successful on shrimps with long rostra. Proteus also needed more time to swallow shrimps with long rostra.     

等效性/非劣性检验在方法学研究中的应用尝试

在方法学研究和比较试验中引入等效性/非劣性判定检验,介绍此类试验样本数的估算、判定界值的确定及进行非劣性判定的假设检验理论和实际过程,并举例进行计量数据方法的非劣性判定.     

粉煤灰性能与其最优掺量的灰色关联分析

为研究粉煤灰品质对混凝土开裂性能的影响,利用改进的平板法分析粉煤灰的品质和掺量对混凝土的开裂性能的影响.同时,采用灰色关联分析方法研究粉煤灰粒径分布与化学成分对其最优掺量的影响.研究结果表明:粒径小于20.4μm的粉煤灰颗粒与其最优掺量是正关联;适当提高粉煤灰中MgO,K2O,CaO与SO3的质量分数和降低烧失量可以提高其最优掺量.     

一种可视队列随机网络仿真语言-VIML

可视编程语言是近几年讨论的热门话题，它正在渗透各科学技术领域。本文介绍一种可视队列随机网络仿真语言，讨论了这种语言的结构及实施的技术问题