温度不均匀性对吸收池中气体吸收的影响

为研究温度不均匀性对低温控制吸收池中气体吸收的影响,建立了桌面不锈钢体低温控制吸收池体积分数标定装置,并使用自行编制的大气辐射传输软件ARH iRS进行模拟计算.实验结果和数值模拟计算结果表明,长1m,充满1.01×105Pa二氧化碳(CO2)气体的吸收池,由于吸收池内外温差导致内部温度不均匀分布(吸收池中轴向温度呈中心对称分布,且吸收池中间的气体温度较低,两端靠近窗片处的温度比中心温度高276~278 K),温度不均匀分布对吸收池气体吸收透射比的影响不大于0.05%,对反演体积分数的影响不超过0.80%,能够满足体积分数定标的需要.     

Statistical models for intensity and phase fluctuation of laser light in a turbulent medium

The probability density function of irradiance fluctuations in a turbulent atmosphere remains an open topic of research.It is generally considered that the speckle field has an elliptical-Gaussian speckle distribution,but because of its complexity there is still no exact analytical solution.By introducing the concept of random fluctuation intensity and using an equiprobability density ellipse,exact models of the random fluctuation intensity and its phase are proposed.Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,it is concluded that the random fluctuation intensity and its corresponding phase are independent only under the circular-Gaussian approximation.     

Forced response of atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium simulated by a climate system model

Variations in global atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium are simulated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. The model was driven by reconstructions of both natural forcing (solar variability and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol). The model results are compared against proxy reconstruction data. The reconstructed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was out of phase with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the last millennium. During the ...     

香格里拉区域大气本底站环境特征初探

介绍了香格里拉大气本底站的站址地理分布特征,分析和总结了近年来的基本气象要素特征,通过轨迹-聚类方法分析了影响该站的气流来源.轨迹分析结果表明:香格里拉区域大气本底观测站对于探讨南亚地区的大气成分远距离输送对我国西南地区的环境影响具有独特的作用.     

部分相干电磁光束在湍流大气中传输的交叉偏振度

推导部分相干电磁高斯-谢尔模型光束在湍流大气中的交叉谱密度矩阵.根据交叉偏振度的理论,研究部分相干电磁光束在湍流大气中的交叉偏振度的变化情况.研究表明,部分相干电磁光束的交叉偏振度由大气折射率结构常数、光源相关长度、光束初始偏振度和观察点位置决定.交叉偏振度不同于一般偏振度,它的值不再仅仅局限在0～1,而是可以取任何非...     

Sea surface temperature east of Australia： A predictor of tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific？

The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) east of Australia and tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific (WNPTCF) is analyzed by use of observation data.The WNPTCF from June to October is correlated negatively to spring SST east of Australia.When the spring SST is in the positive phase,a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere prevail over the western North Pacific from June to October,concurrent with an anomalous atmospheric subsidence and an enlarged vertical zonal wind shear.These conditions are unfavorable for tropical cyclone genesis,and thus WNPTCF decreases.The negative phase of the spring SST east of Australia leads to more tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific.The spring SST east of Australia may give rise to simultaneous change in tropical atmospheric circulation via the teleconnection wave train,and then subsequently affect atmospheric circulation variation over the western North Pacific.     

基于可视图的衡阳市大气污染物时间序列分析

为研究大气污染物时间序列的非线性特征,基于2016年1月至2017年12月衡阳市PM2.5和PM10质量浓度时间序列,应用可视图方法将两组时间序列映射到复杂网络中,并研究了相应网络的拓扑性质.结果表明:PM2.5和PM10浓度时间序列网络的平均聚类系数、直径、网络密度和平均路径长度等网络特征参数和统计特征参数基本相同....     

模拟酸雨对小黑杨幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

目的 研究小黑杨(Populus simonii × P. nigra)幼苗生长、生理特性和叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)活性对酸雨胁迫的响应情况,为其在酸雨沉降日趋频发的北方地区栽植提供参考。方法 以小黑杨为研究材料,对其连续喷施不同酸度[pH为2.5、4.5和7.0(CK)]的模拟酸雨,待小黑杨叶片出现明显病症时,测定其生长、叶片超微结构、抗氧化酶和光系统Ⅱ活性指标。结果 与对照相比,pH 4.5的模拟酸雨处理下小黑杨株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶面积显著增加;叶片颜色变浅绿色,但叶绿体结构紧凑,类囊体排列规则,未见淀粉粒,嗜锇滴数量略增多。而pH 2.5模拟酸雨处理的小黑杨幼苗茎粗和叶面积显著降低;叶片颜色变黄、叶尖和叶脉出现明显斑点,且细胞膜局部破损,叶绿体体积增大,类囊体间隙增大,可见少量淀粉粒,嗜锇滴数量和体积明显增加。模拟酸雨处理的小黑杨叶片中超氧阴离子 {\mathrm{O}}_2^{\stackrel{-}{\underset{·}{\mathrm{}}}}产生速率、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量和过氧化氢酶活性较CK显著增加,且酸度越大,增幅越大;而过氧化物酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性随酸度的增大表现为先升后降。其中,pH 2.5模拟酸雨处理杨树叶片的可变荧光强度(V_L、V_K、V_J、V_I)和诱导曲线初始斜率(M_O)显著高于CK,但叶绿素荧光曲线面积(Fix Area)和质体醌库的大小(S_m)显著低于CK。pH 4.5模拟酸雨处理中,仅V_L和V_K显著高于CK,而其他荧光参数与CK差异不显著。结论 酸雨对小黑杨生长的影响主要取决于其pH,pH 2.5模拟酸雨处理抑制小黑杨生长,并且叶片出现坏死斑点症状时,叶绿体结构异常,类囊体排列不规整,光系统Ⅱ电子传递受到抑制;而pH 4.5模拟酸雨处理促进小黑杨生长、叶片超微结构表现正常,小黑杨幼苗对pH 4.5酸雨沉降具有一定抗性。     

大气环境预测中一类多源问题计算方法的探讨

本文应用等效点源法,导出关于多个(点、线或面)大气污染源在某一评价点造成的总浓度的计算公式。拓广了Gifford的结果,为大气环境预测中处理多源问题,提供一种较为方便的计算方法。