失实报道产生根源论析

失实报道严重损害了媒体的公信力,在社会上造成了恶劣影响,对舆论的导向起了负面作用。本文针对失实报道,从理论上分析其产生的根源,倡导新闻打假,并进一步阐述新闻真实性与建设和谐的舆论氛围的关系。     

Applying partial correlation method to analyzing the correlation between ionospheric NmF2 and height of isobaric level in the lower atmosphere

On the basis of a multiple linear regression model performed for ionospheric NmF2, partial correlation method is first applied to investigating the relation between NmF2 and h (the height of isobaric level) in the lower atmosphere over Wuhan, China during 1957―2004. The results show that partial correlation method can eliminate the influences of solar and geomagnetic activities as well as the seasonal varia- tion factors and reveal the true correlation between NmF2 and h in the lower atmosphere. A weak posi- tive correlation between NmF2 and h is found in the middle stratosphere. In addition, by comparing the partial correlation coefficients between NmF2 and its influence factors, we find that NmF2 is mainly affected by solar activity and the seasonal variation factors, and weakly affected by geomagnetic ac- tivity, but hardly affected by h in the lower atmosphere. The study suggests that partial correlation method is a helpful tool for investigating the correlation between ionospheric parameter and its influ- ence factors.     

高速公路雾天安全管理系统

以沪宁高速雾天安全管理为依托，基于雾天交通安全管制决策模型、高速公路雾天安全保障方案和地理信息系统、信息管理等应用技术，开发建立了高速公路雾天安全管理系统．系统由雾情监测与信息采集、基于GIS的数据库管理、雾情预警与安全管理决策支持、雾情发布等子系统组成，可实现雾天高速公路交通管制、路网交通流协调与应急处理等功能．并在系统开发过程中，提出了管理单元划分原则、能见度采集设备布设原则和可变信息发布设施布设原则．     

绿洲区域气候效应的数值模拟

在改进的土壤植被大气模式（MSPAS）的基础上,引入一个有效的大气辐射传输方案,建立了一个能在物理上真实地描述陆气相互作用及其反馈机制的二维模式（MLAIM）。利用HEIFE实验的观测资料,对改进了土壤水分传输、近地面层湍流输送以及植被物理过程参数化方案后的MLAIM进行了检验。结果表明,MLAIM能够合理地模拟陆气相互作用中的各种物理过程,能够有效地模拟绿洲与沙漠的地表能量收支情况。因此利用MLAIM对绿洲的气候效应进行了研究,分析了绿洲“冷岛效应”与“湿岛效应”的形成机理,并且着重研究了绿洲对其周围沙漠的影响。结果表明,绿洲对沙漠的水汽输送是影响沙漠地表能量收支以及绿洲周边区域气候的最重要的因子。     

维生素E热裂解行为研究

 组合应用热裂解-冷进样-气质联用( Py-CIS-GC/MS)技术,对维生素E在无水空气、9%氧氮混合气、氦气中,300,600,900℃下的裂解产物进行研究,结果显示:①维生素E在各个裂解气氛及裂解温度下共有的裂解产物有壬醛、1-甲基-2-戊基-环丙烷、维生素E;②对于在900℃和600℃时的裂解,在同一裂解温度下,随着裂解气氛中含氧量的减少,烯烃类物质种数减少,质量分数下降;烷烃类物质其种数虽然减少,但质量分数却明显增大;酮、醛、醇、酯、呋喃类香味物质随着裂解气氛中含氧量的减少其个数减少,质量分数下降;对于同一个裂解气氛,随裂解温度的降低其裂解产物中烯烃类、烷烃类物质种数呈减少趋势且含量下降;酮、醛、醇、酯、呋喃类物质产物种数和含量变化不大;③300℃时裂解产物以维生素E的原形转移为主,并生成了壬醛、烷烃类物质等;④裂解温度在600℃及900℃时维生素E原形转移的量差别不大,平均质量分数约为17.80%;而在300℃时,在无水空气、氧氮混合气、氦气氛围下转移的量分别为90.24%、84.61%和75.60%.     

链球投掷及飞行中的动力学问题分析

从理论上对链球投掷和飞行中存在的一些动力学问题进行了研究.运用动力学理论建立了链球投掷和飞行中的基本运动微分方程,并进行了数值计算,讨论了出手速度、出手角度、空气阻力等因素对人体受力及链球飞行距离和高度的影响.所得结论可为链球投掷中一些技术问题的解决和训练水平的提高提供理论依据.     

Effect of different atmospheres on dry friction behavior of steel sliding against brass at high speed

The atmosphere components have an influence on tribological behaviors of tribo-pairs. Through changing the atmosphere component, the effect of atmosphere component on the tribological behaviors of CrNiMo steel against brass at high sliding velocity was investigated. The wear test was carried out on a high-speed friction and wear test rig whose test atmosphere could be controlled. The tests were performed at four sliding velocities （30, 40, 50, 60 m/s）, one contact pressure （1.33 MPa） and two atmosphere components （N2 or O2）. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of various pins were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The chemical compositions of the surfaces and subsurfaces for steels were determined with an energy dispersion spectroscopy. The results showed that the wear rate of the steel pins were low all the time with the sliding velocity increasing in oxygen atmosphere, and that the wear rate of the steel pin in nitrogen atmosphere was higher than that of the steel pin in oxygen atmosphere. It was found that the thin and compact oxidation layer formed on the worn surface of the steel in oxygen atmosphere played a key role in wear resistance. However, the wear rate of the steel pin increased rapidly with the sliding velocity increasing in nitrogen atmosphere, which was attributed to the thick and loose surface layer formed on the worn surface of the steel.     

Studying the stability of the middle atmosphere (30―60 km) over Wuhan by Rayleigh lidar

The stability of the middle atmosphere ranging from 30 km to 60 km over Wuhan is elementarily studied, according to the observational data obtained in about one year through the WlPM Rayleigh lidar. The stability parameter （buoyancy frequency squared）, which was obtained through the temperature field, shows that the middle atmosphere over Wuhan is stable all the year round, but the stability appears variable because the stability of summer and winter is lower, and that of spring and autumn is higher.     

铝粉在不同爆炸环境中的反应率研究

利用恒温式量热计测定了两种粒度铝粉的含铝炸药在真空中和空气中的爆热值,分析计算了铝粉粒度及爆炸环境中氧含量对铝粉反应率的影响规律。结果表明,随着铝粉含量的增加,含铝炸药中铝粉在真空和空气中反应的百分含量呈递增趋势;在真空条件下,当铝粉含量为5%~30%时,12μm和125μm铝粉的反应率相差不大,反应率均为33%~38%,当铝粉含量为35%时,两者反应率分别36.4%和29.7%,12μm铝粉的反应率下降趋势较明显;在1标准大气压空气中,当铝粉含量为5%时,铝粉反应率最高,12μm和125μm铝粉的反应率分别为56.8%和75.0%,Al粉含量为10%~35%时,两者反应率分别为40%~47%和45~51%。     

2014年1月济南市空气污染气象条件分析

为研究大气环流背景及气象条件对山东中西部PM2.5污染的影响,利用气象及PM2.5浓度资料,选取济南市作为典型代表城市,诊断分析了大气环流背景及气象演变过程对2014年1月济南市PM2.5浓度的影响,建立济南静稳指数公式。结果表明：2014年1月华东北部至华北南部地面至对流层中层风速均为负距平,水平方向污染扩散能力差,偏南风异常加强了南方水汽的输送,有利于气态污染物向颗粒态转化,推高了PM2.5浓度;对流层低层东亚冬季风异常偏弱,逆温增多,垂直方向污染扩散能力差;500 hPa异常高压,抑制了东亚大槽的发展,更加有利于污染物在底层的累积。天气演变过程分析表明：地面水平方向及高空垂直方向气象条件对PM2.5浓度均有影响,地面风速偏弱（偏强）,高（低）湿度,风场辐合（辐散）时,PM2.5污染偏高（偏低）;边界层高度降低（升高）,垂直方向气流下沉（上升）,对流层中低层大气层结不稳定增强（减弱）时,PM2.5污染升高（降低）。静稳指数对于空气质量及重污染过程具有较好的预报能力。