给水管道的常见事故及其预防

介绍了给水管道在施工和运行中可能出现的各种事故，分析了造成事故的原因。总结了消除给水管道事故的方法和应采取的预防措施。     

公路隧道竖井纵向式通风探讨

介绍了公路隧道竖井通风方式的分类和特点，探讨了竖井纵向式通风形式的机理，指出对于双向交通隧道宜采用合流型集中排风式；对于单向交通隧道应采用分流型集中排风式或送排式，对于特长隧道，可以采用数个竖井的送排式通风。     

信息资源的开发利用

阐述了信息收集应遵循的原则，探讨了信息资源开发利用的途径，针对信息开发利用过程中存在的障碍，提出了信息资源开发利用应采取的对策。     

搜索引擎发展方向

介绍了互联网上搜索引擎的发展情况,从搜索引擎技术专业化、个性化、智能化3方面分析了搜索引擎发展方向,并设想更完美的搜索联引擎技术的未来.     

图书馆开展信息增值服务的思考

介绍了图书馆文献信息具有的增值性和社会对图书馆开展信息增值服务的需求，探讨了图书馆开展信息增值服务的策略和如何做好网络环境下的信息增值服务。     

我国与发达国家大学图书馆信息素质教育的比较

论述了信息素质和信息素质教育的内涵，分析和比较了美国、日本等国家与我国大学图书馆信息素质教育的现状，介绍了美国《高等教育信息素质能力标准》的主要内容，评价了它的作用和影响。在借鉴美国信息素质教育经验的基础上提出了我国大学图书馆信息素质教育发展的对策。     

从创新要素看信息素质教育在创新人才培养中的作用

论述了创新素质要素、信息素质教育的内涵。阐述了信息素质教育在创新人才培养中的作用，同时探讨了高校图书馆如何发挥信息素质教育在创新人才培养中的作用。     

基于信息熵识别油气层和水层的聚类方法

简要地介绍了不确定性、信息熵、联合熵、条件熵、互信息的基本概念。将地层含有某种流体属性(如油层)的特征参数的概率分布应用于联合熵中,提出其概率分布是特征参数X与流体的特征参数Y的距离函数,再用熵与条件熵之差计算得到的互信息去识别地层的流体属性,即提出了基于信息熵识别油气层和水层的聚类方法。利用实际测井资料提取了油气层和水层的特征参数,并利用聚类方法识别出油气层和水层。识别结果与试油结论相符。该聚类方法不仅可用于识别油气层和水层,还可推广应用于划分地层岩性等领域。     

Optimization in the Migration Problem of Mobile Agents in Distributed Information Retrieval Systems

In this paper,we employ genetic algorithms to solve the migration problem (MP).We propose a new encoding scheme to represent trees,which is composed of two parts;the pre-ordered traversal sequence of tree vertices and the children number sequence of corresponding tree vertices.The proposed encoding scheme has the advantages of simplicity for encoding and decoding,ease for GA operations,and better equilibrium between exploration and exploitation.It is also adaptive in that,with few restrictions on the length of code,it can be freely lengthened or shortened according to the characteristics of the problem space.Furthermore,the encoding scheme is highly applicable to the degreeconstrained minimum spanning tree problem because it also contains the degree information of each node.The simulation results demonstrate the higher performance of our algorithm,with fast convergence to the optima or sub-optima on various problem sizes.Comparing with the binary string encoding of vertices,when the problem size is large,our algorithm runs remarkably faster with comparable search capability.     

Testing and Evaluation for Web Usability Based on Extended Markov Chain Model

As the increasing popularity and complexity of Web applications and the emergence of their new characteristics. the testing and maintenance of large, complex Web applications are becoming more complex and difficult. Web applications generally contain lots of pages and are used by enormous users. Statistical testing is an effective way of ensuring their quality. Web usage can be accurately described by Markov chain which has been proved to be an ideal model for software statistical testing. The results of unit testing can b eutilized in the latter stages, wbich is an important strategy for bottom-to-top integration testing, and the other improvement of extended Markov chain model (FMM) is to present the error type vector which is treated as a part of page node. This paper also proposes the algorithm for generating test cases of usage paths. Finally, optional usage reliability evaluation methods and an incremental usability regression testing model for testing and evaluation are presented.