Recent developments in totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes with local inhomogeneity

A totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) has become an essential tool in modeling and analyzing non-equilibrium systems.A wide variety of TASEP models have been developed that are motivated by real-world traffic,biological transport and by the dynamics of the process itself.This paper provides an overview of recent developments in TASEP with inhomogeneity.Some important generalizations and extensions of inhomogeneous TASEP models are reviewed,and several popular mean-field techniques used to analyze the inhomogeneous TASEP models are summarized.A comparison between similar TASEP models under different updating procedures is given.Phase separations in such disordered systems have been identified.The present status of the inhomogeneous TASEP models and areas for future investigations are also described.     

3-烯丙基-2,4-戊二酮的合成与表征

合成了一种可聚合的螯合剂 3-烯丙基 - 2 ,4-戊二酮 ,通过元素分析、红外光谱、质子核磁共振谱和质谱确证了产物的结构     

技术质量信息不对称下 Stackelberg 市场中的许可（英）

运用数学建模和博弈论分析方法,研究同质 Stackelberg 市场中技术许可方对其专利技术质量拥有私人信息时的许可行为. 模型中,许可方不再是独立的研发机构, 而是作为市场中的内部创新者参与生产和竞争.在满足被许可方能接受许可的情况下, 使许可方利润最大化,确定固定转让费、单位转让费以及混同合约与分离合约的最优选择. 为参与主体提供理论参考,以提高技术许可效率.     

无线自组织网中基于CSMA/CA的一种改进的功率控制算法

基于CSMA/CA机制,提出了一个改进的功率控制算法,用于解决传统的BASIC方案中,由于功率控制的引入而产生的非对称链路对节点传输的碰撞问题,它通过简单地修改802.11 MAC 层协议,采用变长的RTS/CTS来使载波侦听环中的节点荻得关于DATA/ACK传输的分组大小及功率强度信息,从而有效地避免碰撞与重传.仿真结果说明,该方法不仅可以节省能量,而且可以提高网络性能.     

Exponentially Smoothing the Skewed Laplace Distribution for Value‐at‐Risk Forecasting

Value‐at‐risk (VaR) is a standard measure of market risk in financial markets. This paper proposes a novel, adaptive and efficient method to forecast both volatility and VaR. Extending existing exponential smoothing as well as GARCH formulations, the method is motivated from an asymmetric Laplace distribution, where skewness and heavy tails in return distributions, and their potentially time‐varying nature, are taken into account. The proposed volatility equation also involves novel time‐varying dynamics. Back‐testing results illustrate that the proposed method offers a viable, and more accurate, though conservative, improvement in forecasting VaR compared to a range of popular alternatives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型抗病毒药物法昔洛韦的合成

以氯乙酸乙酯为原料 ,采用 2 -氨基嘌呤位置有择烷基化反应合成新型抗病毒药物法昔洛韦 ,总收率 2 1 % .关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经元素分析、质谱、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确证 .     

氯铝酸盐离子液体催化苯与丙烯的烷基化反应

以盐酸三乙胺季铵盐和AlCl3形成的氯铝酸盐离子液体为催化剂,实验考察了离子液体中AlCl₃物质的量分数、催化剂用量、苯烯物质的量比、反应温度以及反应时间对苯与丙烯烷基化反应的影响。结果表明,增加离子液体中AlCl₃物质的量分数、催化剂用量、反应时间和苯烯物质的量比,降低反应温度均有利于丙烯转化率和异丙苯选择性的提高。在优化条件下,即离子液体中AlCl3物质的量分数为66.7%、催化剂用量为苯的质量的10%、苯烯物质的量比为10、反应温度为40℃及常压反应条件下, 10min时丙烯转化率和异丙苯选择性均可达到97.6%。离子液体催化剂重复使用8次后仍能基本保持新催化剂的性能,但如何增加循环使用的次数尚需进一步研究。     

直升机桨叶图像中圆形标记点圆心检测及修正方法

视觉测量直升机高速旋转桨叶形变常采用基于圆形标记点的测量方法,但该方法中圆形标记点具有低曝光、小目标和投影不对称等特点,极易产生标记点漏检和圆心坐标误差的问题。为减小漏检、修正圆心坐标误差,提出了一种直升机桨叶图像中圆形标记点圆心检测及修正方法。首先,提取图像中局部极值中心的像素坐标,并依据阵列排布结构滤除干扰,获得所有圆形标记点极值中心的像素坐标;其次,以各极值中心的像素坐标为圆心,与相邻极值的最小距离为直径,建立圆形ROI （region of interest）区域,在ROI区域内并行分水岭变换和最小二乘法圆拟合得到圆心;再次,采用透视变换建立该图像与垂直相机光轴的同相位桨叶图像（正面图像）的投影映射关系,再采用LM （levenberg-marquardt）优化求解投影映射矩阵;最后,将该图像转换为正面图像进行圆心检测,再将该圆心坐标逆变换得到精确圆心坐标。实验结果表明,本文检测方法准确率和精度分别达98.89%和0.191 mm,已应用于直升机高速旋转桨叶运动轨迹和形变的高精度视觉测量。     

非对称壳体对聚能射流形成影响的数值模拟和试验

利用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法研究壳体厚度非对称对聚能射流的影响。模拟和试验结果表明,由于壳体两侧厚度不对称,生成的射流偏离轴线且射流方向趋向于壳体较薄的一侧;装药两侧壳体的厚度差异越大,射流弯偏离轴线程度越大,出现断裂的时间也越早;在非对称壳体的条件下,射流呈现头部和尾部横向速度较小,中后部横向速度较大的现象。     

Experimental study of the characteristics of novel microactuator based on optothermal expansion

A novel asymmetric optothermal microactuator was developed.A microactuator of 750μm length wasmachined by an excimer laser micromachining system using single layer material.It had an asymmetricstructure consisting of two thin expansion arms with different widths.A laser diode(660nm)was em-ployed as the external power source to activate the microactuator.We introduced a charge coupled device(CCD)-combined optical microscope and a computer system to observe and capture the microactuator' sdeflection and v...