I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

高应力作用下不同颗粒特征的钙质砂压缩破碎特性

对南海不同岛礁处的钙质砂开展一系列终止压力为8MPa的高压固结试验，研究不同颗粒形貌及不同粒组的钙质砂的颗粒破碎演化规律。试验结果表明，两种钙质砂试样S₁和S₂的矿物组分基本相同，但不同的沉积环境造成了颗粒形状具有显著差异；以片状颗粒为主的钙质砂试样S₂的压缩性和颗粒破碎程度会显著高于以块状颗粒为主的钙质砂试样S₁，且颗粒相对破碎率B_r均随着颗粒粒径的增大而增大；对两种不同的钙质砂而言，相对破碎率B_r与压缩变形量之间呈良好的幂函数递增关系，表明颗粒破碎大小与压缩变形量密切相关。     

基于PFC 2D的含节理岩体单轴压缩数值模拟

基于颗粒流方法模拟含节理岩体的单轴压缩破坏过程,并对不同节理倾角的岩体进行单轴压缩数值模拟,研究不同节理倾角岩体的裂纹扩展路径、破坏形式以及强度变化规律。结果表明:(1)在单轴压缩破坏过程中,岩体节理倾角不同,裂纹扩展与最终破坏形态不同,但破坏过程基本一致;(2)当节理倾角从0°到90°的变化过程中,抗压强度随节理倾角的增大先减小后增加,总体呈"U"型分布规律,并在倾角为60°时达最小值。     

基于数据挖掘技术的专业图书书目受众定位研究

采用数据挖掘技术,对图书馆管理系统中读者借阅记录进行深入分析和挖掘,建立了读者阅读书目模型,利用模型推荐与读者借阅行为密切相关的阅读书目。实例证明,该模型具有可操作性,可以激发读者借阅行为,促使图书馆资源合理地分配,从而提升了图书馆服务质量。     

异地配置的雷达与电子支援措施异步航迹关联

针对异步条件下雷达与电子支援措施(electronic support measurements, ESM)航迹关联问题, 通过分析方位角异步测量值对交叉定位原理的影响, 提出一种无需时域配准的航迹关联算法。根据传感器存在时延以及采样率的不同, 给出不等长航迹序列的等长区间变换以及异步航迹交叉定位的区间化方法, 通过计算区间序列离散度实现异类传感器航迹关联。通过仿真验证, 区间序列离散度不受噪声分布的影响, 且对数据集整体特征的求解避免了传统算法中的逐点运算, 有效提高了算法运算率。与传统算法相比, 可在多种测量误差场景下对异步航迹直接进行准确关联。     

珊瑚礁算法的改进研究

珊瑚礁算法易于陷入局部最优且寻优精度低，因此提出一种改进的珊瑚礁算法.此算法借鉴粒子群算法、高斯变异和模拟退火算法的思想改进珊瑚礁算法的内部有性繁殖、无性繁殖和更替机制，提高了算法的寻优精度并可跳出局部最优.在仿真实验中，将改进珊瑚礁算法与基本珊瑚礁算法和粒子群算法等10种算法分别在高维和低维测试函数下进行比较.实验结果表明，改进的珊瑚礁算法不仅较其他算法具有更好的收敛速度和精度，而且在高维测试函数中，仍然可以保持良好的性能.     

Signal Diffusion Mapping: Optimal Forecasting with Time‐Varying Lags

We introduce a new methodology for forecasting, which we call signal diffusion mapping. Our approach accommodates features of real‐world financial data which have been ignored historically in existing forecasting methodologies. Our method builds upon well‐established and accepted methods from other areas of statistical analysis. We develop and adapt those models for use in forecasting. We also present tests of our model on data in which we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

microRNAs家族间负关联模式挖掘

microRNAs(miRNAs)广泛地存在于动植物的细胞中,它的前体具有发夹结构,并且具有很好的保守性.miRNAs在生物体内对细胞的生长、发育、死亡和病变起着重要作用.研究miRNAs家族间在生物体内的调控关系,对miRNAs在生物组织中的表达进行关联分析和对miRNAs成熟序列、种子区域以及二级结构数据进行相似性比较,从而了解miRNAs家族对生物体的调节机制.为了识别具有高相关性的miRNAs家族负关联模式,引入相关系数来改进传统的挖掘频繁项集算法和用互信息来衡量miRNAs家族间的交互性.     

Localization and the interface between quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum gravity II: The search of the interface between QFT and QG

The main topics of this second part of a two-part essay are some consequences of the phenomenon of vacuum polarization as the most important physical manifestation of modular localization. Besides philosophically unexpected consequences, it has led to a new constructive “outside-inwards approach” in which the pointlike fields and the compactly localized operator algebras which they generate only appear from intersecting much simpler algebras localized in noncompact wedge regions whose generators have extremely mild almost free field behavior.Another consequence of vacuum polarization presented in this essay is the localization entropy near a causal horizon which follows a logarithmically modified area law in which a dimensionless area (the area divided by the square of dR where dR is the thickness of a light-sheet) appears. There are arguments that this logarithmically modified area law corresponds to the volume law of the standard heat bath thermal behavior. We also explain the symmetry enhancing effect of holographic projections onto the causal horizon of a region and show that the resulting infinite dimensional symmetry groups contain the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group. This essay is the second part of a partitioned longer paper.