大白菜(Brassica pekinensis L.)对镉富集基因型差异的研究

研究了15种大白菜基因型对镉(Cd)富集的基因型差异,以期筛选出低积累Cd的白菜基因型.盆栽试验结果表明,不同白菜基因型的Cd含量、富集系数(BFs)和转运系数(TFs)差异显著(P0.05).丰源新3号、现代夏秋和春秋六轮的Cd积累量均小于0.50mg/kg,其富集系数和转运系数都小于1.0,具有一定低积累Cd的潜力.大田试验的结果表明丰源新3号的Cd含量小于0.50mg/kg,富集系数和转运系数均小于1.0,表明其为排斥Cd的白菜基因型.现代夏秋和春秋六轮的富集系数和转运系数均小于1.0,但其地上部Cd含量均高于0.50mg/kg,不属于Cd低积累白菜.值得注意的.北京小杂56在盆栽和大田中的Cd含量、富集系数和转运系数均大于1.0,可用于植物修复污染土壤.     

产品本体筛检方法及其在变型没计中的应用

提出了一种应用于产品变型设计中的本体筛检方法,该方法以完整的产品资源本体视图为基础,将产品的功能需求、结构特征等转化为需求约束,设计人员根据需求约束对产品资源本体进行筛检。针对不同的筛检层次和筛检对象,给出了模式匹配、实例匹配与人工决策相结合、实例推理自动匹配等筛检规则。这种人机结合的半自动筛检方法提高了产品变型设计方案的准确性,增加了设计过程的柔性和效率。开发了一套针对建筑门窗产品的变型设计支持系统,证明所述方法的可行性和有效性。     

三株甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵高产酵母菌株的筛选

从甘蔗糖厂的废弃物中筛选到3株甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵高产菌株MF1001、MF1002和MF1003,经rDNAITS序列同源比对鉴定为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)的不同菌株。3个菌株均可以完全利用葡萄糖和蔗糖,部分利用棉子糖和半乳糖,均不能利用乳糖和木糖。MF1001发酵甘蔗糖蜜的残糖含量明显低于目前使用的生产菌株,略低于标准测定菌株CICC31149和CICC31279,MF1002和MF1003的残糖含量略低于目前使用的生产菌株。与生产菌株相比,3个菌株在甘蔗糖蜜的生长速率略低,但是维持高菌数的时间较长。按目前甘蔗糖蜜酒精生产的发酵工艺,3个菌株30℃发酵72h的醪液酒精含量分别为14.26%(V/V)、14.48%(V/V)和13.50%(V/V),比目前生产使用的菌株高19.5%~28.6%;37℃发酵40h的醪液酒精含量分别为12.03%(V/V)、12.06%(V/V)和12.14%(V/V),比目前生产使用的菌株高10.0%~11.7%。这3个菌株具有提高甘蔗糖蜜发酵醪液酒精含量的潜在工业价值。     

纤维素降解菌的筛选与诱变育种

采用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)平板初筛和50℃培养,筛选到一株纤维素酶活力较高的耐高温霉菌MY菌株,其CMC培养基最适pH为6.0,培养温度为40℃,最佳产酶时间为5d.以MY菌株为出发菌株,分别采用紫外线和硫酸二乙酯诱变,以透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值(HC值)提高30%以上或菌落形态发生明显变异为筛选指标,共筛选到97株突变株;通过测定粗酶液CMC酶活力,从中筛选出29株CMC酶活力提高30%以上的菌株;结合突变菌株的传代稳定性实验,最后筛选得到1株性能优良的霉菌MY004突变株,其CMC酶活力比原始菌株MY提高了80.6%.     

高温烃降解菌在含油污水生化处理中的应用

为强化油田污水的生化处理效果,从胜利油田采出液中筛选出3株高温烃降解菌,分别编号为JQ-1、JQ-2、JQ-3,初步鉴定JQ-1、JQ-2为芽孢杆菌属,JQ-3为不动杆菌属,其原油降解率分别为48%、55%、46%。将3株菌混合,其对原油的降解效果好于单株菌,其降解率可达到70%以上,混合菌降解原油的适宜条件分别是温度为45~55℃、pH值为5.5~6.5、矿化度12000~18000mg/L。在室内模拟现场条件进行污水生化处理试验,结果表明：含油量为40mg/L左右的油田污水经过8h处理后含油量在2mg/L以下,同时能有效的抑制硫酸盐还原菌的生长。该混合菌在一定程度上提高了含油污水生化处理的可行性,为油田污水治理提供了理论基础。     

Functional expression of mammalian opioid receptors in insect cells and high-throughput screening platforms for receptor ligand mimetics

Lepidopteran cell lines have been engineered to constitutively express high levels of mouse opioid receptors either alone or in combination with human G16 protein. Biochemical and pharmacological studies demonstrate that these lines contain all the mediator G proteins and downstream effectors required for opioid receptor function, including phospholipase C, and that expression of exogenous G16 does not contribute significantly to increased receptor responses upon activation. The activation of the phospholipase C pathway in the transformed cells upon stimulation with known receptor ligands results in easily and quantitatively measurable increases in free intracellular calcium, which can be monitored by automated fluorescent methods, while the addition of specific antagonists blocks the agonist-induced responses. Therefore, the transformed lepidopteran cell lines can be used as sensitive high-throughput screening platforms for fast detection of opioid receptor ligand mimetics (agonists and antagonists) in collections of natural products and synthetic compounds.Received 3 December 2004; received after revision 3 February 2005; accepted 10 February 2005L. Swevers and E. Morou contributed equally to this work.     

Physicochemical profiling in drug research: a brief survey of the state-of-the-art of experimental techniques

This review begins with a general presentation of the new paradigm of drug discovery, with its emphasis on the rapid identification and elimination of compounds with unsuitable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The focus of the paper is on the various experimental methods used to determine such key physicochemical properties as ionization, lipophilicity and distribution in isotropic and anisotropic systems, solubility, and permeability across artificial membranes. Both traditional and high-throughput methods are presented and their limits highlighted. The text concludes with the trade-off between quantity/speed in high-throughput screening techniques versus greater data quality in the more labor-intensive methods. Received 23 April 2002; received after revision 25 June 2002; accepted 11 July 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

豫西南蓝石棉成矿地质特征

蓝石棉矿床属世界一种珍贵和稀有的矿产资源,是国防及尖端工业的一种重要矿物原料。我国是全世界性能优良的蓝石棉产地之一,豫西南地区是我国最好的一个蓝石棉成矿带。本文主要论述该矿带的成矿地质特征,该矿带蓝石棉矿床的产出与偏碱基性火山岩、基性和酸性侵入岩与围岩的接触带以及断裂构造有着极为密切的联系。