压缩载荷下关节软骨溶质扩散的模拟

为研究压缩载荷下关节软骨溶质的扩散过程及其规律,采用有限元方法,将三相本构方程转化为两相方程,利用传热学模型对压缩载荷作用下的溶质扩散进行计算,分析了动态压缩幅值及频率对溶质扩散的影响,得到了软骨内溶质浓度的分布图及随时间、位置变化的曲线。结果表明:压缩幅值相同时,静态压缩比动态压缩时软骨内部溶质更容易扩散;动态压缩幅值增加时,对溶质扩散有抑制作用;频率增加,有利于软骨各层溶质扩散。     

膝关节软骨损伤行微骨折术与药物保守治疗的远期疗效及预后

为比较膝关节镜下微骨折术与药物保守治疗对膝关节软骨损伤的远期疗效及预后,采用回顾性队列研究的方法,比较了微骨折组与保守治疗组在2年、5年随访时的各项指标.结果 显示,微骨折术的中期疗效优于经典的药物保守治疗方案,具有改善关节功能、改善关节活动度的优势,远期具有减缓软骨损伤、膝内翻进程的优势,可延缓关节置换的时间.微骨折...     

Hyaluronan synthesis and degradation in cartilage and bone

Hyaluronan (HA) is a large but simple glycosaminoglycan composed of repeating D-glucuronic acid, β1–3 linked to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine β1–4, found in body fluids and tissues, in both intra- and extracellular compartments. Despite its structural simplicity, HA has diverse functions in skeletal biology. In development, HA-rich matrices facilitate migration and condensation of mesenchymal cells, and HA participates in joint cavity formation and longitudinal bone growth. In adult cartilage, HA binding to aggrecan immobilises aggrecan, retaining it at the high concentrations required for compressive resilience. HA also appears to regulate bone remodelling by controlling osteoclast, osteoblast and osteocyte behaviour. The functions of HA depend on its intrinsic properties, which in turn rely on the degree of polymerisation by HA synthases, depolymerisation by hyaluronidases, and interactions with HA-binding proteins. HA synthesis and degradation are closely regulated in skeletal tissues and aberrant synthetic or degradative activity causes disease. The role and regulation of HA synthesis and degradation in cartilage, bone and skeletal development is discussed. Received 5 August 2007; received after revision 19 September 2007; accepted 20 September 2007     

rhBMP-2对陈旧性兔关节软骨缺损的修复作用

利用注射型活性材料重组骨形态发生蛋白-2（recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2,rhBMP-2）修复兔关节软骨,观察其治疗效果.将12只8周龄成年大白兔随机分为2组,均行手术切开双膝髌股关节面制备全层软骨缺损模型,缝合创口后分笼饲养4周,使之成为陈旧性关节软骨缺损模型.再次手术切开关节腔,清除原缺损区纤维组织,钻通骨髓腔.2组分别接受如下治疗：A组应用rhBMP-2纤维蛋白胶,B组单纯生物蛋白胶治疗.分别于10、14、18周处死动物,观察大体和形态学特征,组织学评分.结果A组于10、14周时,软骨缺损被白色半透明坚硬组织平滑修复,富有光泽,与正常软骨边界清楚,18周时修复组织与正常软骨边界模糊,质地坚硬,表面平滑光润;B组于10、14、18周时均未见软骨修复.组织评分A组明显优于B组（P〈0.01）.结论：rhBMP-2可以有效修复兔关节软骨的缺损,为组织工程化软骨的临床应用提供了实验依据.     

软骨血管生成抑制因子抑制血管生成及其抗肿瘤作用的研究

测定了小牛软骨血管生成抑制因子对血管内皮细胞细胞毒作用,对内皮细胞骨架系统及其运动迁移的抑制效应,对小鼠肿瘤生长的对抑制效应。     

DEGRADATION OF SHARK FIN CARTILAGE AND ITS INSOLUBLE RESIDUES ANALYSIS BY DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY *

本文比较详细地研究了鲨鱼鳍软骨在醋酸和氢氧化钠溶液中的降解特性,并对１００℃热水、木瓜蛋白酶、醋酸和氢氧化钠处理后的鲨鱼鳍软骨残留物进行了差示扫描量热分析．相对于醋酸溶液,鲨鱼鳍软骨更容易被氢氧化钠溶液降解;经过０．５ＭＰａ蒸气处理后的鲨鱼鳍软骨,在ｗ＝４０％的氢氧化钠溶液中降解率比未处理的软骨提高３４．２％．差示扫描量热分析结果表明,鲨鱼鳍软骨存在一个吸热峰,两个放热峰;峰高在７６～８３℃处的吸热峰可能是鲨鱼鳍软骨中的胶原蛋白造成的,而峰高在３６０℃处的最大放热峰是鲨鱼鳍软骨结构的破坏,且主要是蛋白多糖的断裂产生的     

Development of a hybrid scaffold and a bioreactor for cartilage regeneration

We developed a hybrid scaffold and a bioreactor for cartilage regeneration. The hybrid scaffold was developed as combination of two components： a biodegradable framework and hydrogel-containing chondrocytes. We performed the MTT cell proliferation assay to compare the proliferation and viability of chondrocytes on three types of scaffolds： an aiginate gel, the hybrid scaffold, and an alginate sponge. Cells were encapsulated in 2% agarose gel. The bioreactor consisted of a circulation system and a compression system. We performed dynamic cell culture on these agarose gels in the bioreactor for 3 days.     

鲨软骨碱降解动力学及微观结构分析

对鲨软骨的碱降解动力学及其微观结构变化进行了较深入的研究,实验发现,鲨碱降解过程基本符合“碱－底物复合物”机理。电子显微结构分析表明,鲨软骨的降解通过“表面－孔穴”方式进行的。     

人体关节接触力学、摩擦学与假体材料

人体关节与软骨的力学性能和生物学行为 ,关节的保健与康复 ,均受关节软骨承受的载荷的影响 .研究关节在静、动载荷下 ,两相软骨层的接触力学与摩擦学对临床医学和假体移植以及仿生机械均有重要意义 .这里对有关接触力学、计算模型、边界摩擦模型以及关节移植假体材料摩擦学特性的近期研究成果与以综述     

Thrombospondins: from structure to therapeutics

Thrombospondins are large secreted, multimodular, calcium-binding glycoproteins that have complex roles in mediating cellular processes. Determination of high-resolution structures of thrombospondins has revealed unique and interesting protein motifs. Here, we review this progress and discuss implications for function. By combining structures of modules from thrombospondins and related extracellular proteins it is now possible to prepare an overall model of the structure of thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 and discern features of other thrombospondins. (Part of a multi-author Review)