鲟鱼软骨对小鼠生长及肝损伤的保护作用研究

鲟鱼软骨按0%、1%和3%的添加比例制成3种试验饲料.用健康的雄性昆明小白鼠为实验对象,分别进行4周的生长试验和CC l4染毒试验.CC l4染毒试验于28 d时,对照组腹腔注射精制豆油,其余各组以10 mL.kg-1剂量注射0.2%CC l4精制豆油溶液造成肝损伤,36 h后眼眶取血测定转氨酶活性,并取肝、脑、睾丸,测定超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性、Na+,K+-ATP酶活性、总抗氧化值(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA).小鼠生长试验结果表明,软骨组小鼠体增重增加、耗料增重比降低及组织系数变化均与对照组没有明显差异(P>0.05).但软骨组小鼠血浆AST活性显著升高(P<0.05).小鼠CC l4染毒试验结果表明,与CC l4肝损伤组比较,软骨组小鼠肝、脑和睾丸组织中的Na+,K+-ATP酶活性、SOD活性、T-AOC值呈不同程度的升高,而MDA含量则呈不同程度的降低,但差异不明显(P>0.05).提示,鲟鱼软骨能够对小鼠的生长代谢产生影响并对CC l4所致小鼠肝损伤有一定的保护作用.     

海洋软骨鱼软骨抗肿瘤物质的研究进展

筛选高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物是海洋新药研发最为重要的课题之一。软骨鱼软骨中富含多肽、低分子量蛋白、糖蛋白和多糖等活性物质,可以作为新生血管生成抑制因子、肿瘤细胞抑制因子、免疫调节因子和抗入侵因子等用于肿瘤的治疗和预防。本文对软骨鱼软骨中活性物质及其功效进行综述,将为软骨的研究利用提供参考。     

基于SIFT的软骨切片电镜图像拼接算法

软骨组织断层的电镜图像拼接是人工软骨组织培养过程中的关键技术之一.对二维断层电镜图像的拼接方法进行了深入研究,利用SIFT算法对图片进行关键点检测,利用kd-tree建立数据索引,进行关键点的快速匹配,确定图像位移,实现了局部断层图像的无缝拼接,有效解决了电镜图像视角小的问题.在VS2010环境下利用C语言进行仿真,实验表明,该方法具有鲁棒性强、实时性好的特点.证明该方法可以为人工软骨组织的培养提供客观的科学支持.     

关节镜和磁共振成像在评价膝关节软骨缺损中的价值分析

目的研究关节镜和磁共振成像测量膝关节软骨缺损的特点及临床诊断价值.方法回顾分析通过手术确诊为膝关节软骨缺损的65例患者临床资料,术前行磁共振成像检查,根据情况行膝关节清理术和软骨缺损修复术,术中行关节镜检查膝关节软骨缺损情况和缺损面积,对软骨缺损行Noyes分级,并与磁共振成像进行对比.结果 MRI和关节镜测量缺损病灶均为163个,人均2.51个,差异无统计学意义(t=0,P=1);MRI测量股骨滑车、内侧和外侧股骨髁软骨缺损面积均小于关节镜测量面积,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);2名影像科医师采用MRI的FSE序列对软骨损伤进行分级,与关节镜分级相一致的均为50例(76.92%);以关节镜作为诊断金标准,MRI诊断敏感度为81.83%,特异度为86.12%,准确度为84.31%.结论关节镜为微创检查,在单纯膝关节软骨缺损诊断中具有局限性,而磁共振成像为无创检查,是术前诊断的常规手段,在显示病灶数目和病灶特征上与关节镜检查相一致,但在缺损面积、缺损范围、缺损程度等方面较关节镜仍有差异.     

滚压载荷下关节软骨的溶质传递

为研究关节软骨在滚压载荷下溶质的扩散行为,取成年猪关节软骨,用异硫氰酸荧光素—右旋糖酐标记,分别观察在滚压载荷和静置状态下,软骨中溶质荧光强度随时间和软骨层位置的变化,得到相对浓度和扩散系数的变化规律。结果表明,滚压载荷样本B的溶质相对浓度始终大于静置状态样本A,平均值最大相差62.4%,随时间增加,B组软骨中层和深层相对浓度比A组增加明显;B组扩散系数高于A组,平均值最大相差93%,随时间增加,B组软骨中间层扩散系数比A组显著增加。因此,滚压载荷可以促进关节软骨的溶质传递,提高溶质的扩散系数,特别是对中层和深层影响显著。     

鲨鱼软骨活性段蛋白在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及培养条件的优化

采用三角摇瓶来摸索菌种BL21（DE3）/pET3C-aSCAIF表达目的蛋白的最优发酵条件,并在此基础上在Biotop CF-5L自动控制发酵罐中,利用补料分批培养技术,流加甘油,进行发酵培养.摇瓶培养最优条件：2%接种量、25 mL LB培养基、37℃培养、0.5%的甘油做碳源,接种后4 h加入终浓度为0.5 mmol/L的IPTG,诱导4 h后目的蛋白表达量最高.菌种在Biotop CF-5L自动控制发酵罐中的条件为：以10%的接种量接种到2.5 L发酵培养基中,设定溶氧30%,pH7.0,温度37℃,通气量3 L/min,流加甘油15 g,培养4 h后,加入终浓度为0.5 mmol/L的IPTG,诱导4 h后终止发酵,发酵罐中获得的菌体量为62.1 g.     

Determining the age of the Cape Hare (Lepus capensis) by the ossification features of epiphyses cartilage of ulna-radius

According to the specimens of ulna-radius of the Cape Hare (Lepus capensie) shot in fall and winter in Shanxi province, China, the ossifications of epiphyses cartilage of ulna-radius are divided into 4 stages. With weight of eye lens as a reference, it is proved that the age criterion could be used to distinguish young less than 6–7 months old from those older. This is a pragmatic method to analyze age composition of game-bag in the early period of shooting season when younger holds a large proportion in the hare population. It also is useful in judging the age of hares trapped and estimating the effects of predation on the hare population structure. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province Lu Xin: born in 1963. PhD     

聚乙烯醇水凝胶与人关节软骨摩擦特性比较

利用自行研制的振子式摩擦仪测定了聚乙烯醇水凝胶自摩擦副、人关节软骨/聚乙烯醇水凝胶摩擦副的摩擦因数,并根据其Stribeck曲线对其摩擦润滑机理进行初步探讨.实验结果表明,在透明质酸润滑条件下,聚乙烯醇水凝胶与人关节软骨具有相似的摩擦学特性,且聚乙烯醇水凝胶自摩擦副的摩擦因数略小于聚乙烯醇水凝胶/人软骨的摩擦因数,由其Stribeck曲线初步判定其润滑机制为液膜润滑.     

Introduction: molecular and biomechanical basis of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis has developed into the most common chronic disease in the highly industrialized nations. Moreover, because of the prevalence of the disease in the elderly, this trend occurs worldwide as a consequence of increasing longevity due to the overall improvement in living conditions and health status. In contrast, research on osteoarthritis is still financially marginalized within biomedical research, so that the molecular and biophysical bases for disease initiation and progression are largely unmapped. The following sequence of five reviews highlights a remarkable change in that body of knowledge taking place at the beginning of the World Health Organization (WHO) 'Bone and Joint Decade 2001-2010'. The data and ideas presented in these articles reflect to some extent the guidelines set up by the WHO and by the National Institutes of Health of the USA and therefore allow a glimpse into the directions that research in osteoarthritis will take in the future.     

Molecular basis for differences between human joints

The molecular program of a cell determines responses including induction or inhibition of genes for function and activity, and this is true of the cells within articular cartilage, a major functional component of the joint. While our studies have previously focussed on differences in the molecular programs of the cells within the superficial and deep zones, we have recently begun to focus on relative differences between joints, such as the knee and ankle. In the human, these joints vary greatly in their susceptibility to joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). We have predicted that there would be a molecular basis for differences between joints that could lead to differences in susceptibility to OA, if inherent pathways locked into the resident cells induce differences in their response to their environment. We have been able to show that there are differences between the matrix components and water content; these properties correspond to a higher equilibrium modulus and dynamic stiffness but lower hydraulic permeability and serve to make the ankle cartilage stiffer, slowing movement of molecules through the cartilage. In addition to these biochemical differences in the cartilage matrix, we have also identified relative differences in the strength of the response to stimulation of chondrocytes from knee and ankle. The stronger response of the knee chondrocytes includes factors that increase damage to the cartilage matrix, such as a depression of matrix synthesis and increased enzyme activity. This response by the knee chondrocytes results in enzyme damage to the matrix that the cells may not be able to repair, while the weaker response of the ankle chondrocytes may allow the cells to repair their matrix damage.